medium rare 三分熟牛排
1牛排最早来源于欧洲中世纪，猪肉及羊肉是平民百姓得食用肉，牛肉则是王公贵族们得高级肉品，尊贵的牛肉被他们搭配上了当时也是享有尊贵身份的胡椒及香辛料一起烹调，并在特殊场合中供应，以彰显主人的尊贵身份。到了18世纪，英国已经成了著名的牛肉食用大国。它是把牛排用加梨汁的肉佐料调味后﹐放在炭火上烤的韩国传统菜。代梨汁可以放猴桃汁。牛肉中富含丰富蛋白质，氨基酸组成比猪肉更能贴近人体的需要，能提高机体抗病能力,对生长发育及术后、病后调养的人在补充失血、修复组织等方面特别适宜。
2食材介绍：
牛肉富含丰富蛋白质，氨基酸组成比猪肉更接近人体需要，能提高机体抗病能力，对生长发育及术后、病后调养的人在补充失血、修复组织等方面特别适宜。寒冬食牛肉可暖胃，是冬季的补益佳品。
18世纪时，英国是著名的牛肉食用大国。
十九世纪中期牛排成了美国人最爱食用的食物，到了今天，美国成了消费牛肉的最大国家。但在亚洲，人们对牛肉有着两级化的反应，比如日本，可说是将牛肉发挥到了极致，但在我国则是刚刚处于起步阶段。
各国对牛肉的态度、风俗不同，所以牛肉的食用方法也不同。
美国食用牛排的方式粗犷且豪迈，不拘小节，整块腓力牛排烧烤后再切片。
牛排意大利的牛排则最让人津津乐道，料理后，用油煎至表面成金黄，并注入白葡萄酒，据说这样的料理可以防止夏天的过敏症。
而英国人则习惯于将大块的牛排叉起来烤。
法式牛排特别注重酱汁的调配，用各式的酱汁凸显牛排的尊贵地位。
至于德国人，吃牛排的方式非常奇特，“酸牛肉”光听名字就够让人匪夷所思，而生鲜牛肉则更是需要拿出勇气尝试的。
在日本，一般烧烤店中常用的日式照烧烤酱被运用在西式牛排中，使和风照烧沙朗牛排口味别具一格。
一、如何用英语点菜
在点菜之前，一般先要份菜单：
May I have a menu, please（我可以看菜单吗？）
如果对当地的菜肴不熟悉，可以问：
What is the specialty of the restaurant（这家店的招牌餐是什么？）
Do you have any special meals today（今天有什么特餐吗？）
二、常见西餐英文菜单
1冷菜（cold dish）
火腿沙拉 ham salad 鸡蛋沙拉 egg salad
蔬菜沙拉 vegetable salad
2汤（soup）
清汤 light soup; clear soup
浓汤 thick soup 红菜汤 borsch
奶油火腿汤 creamed ham soup
3鱼虾（fish and prawn）
俄式煎鱼 fish a la Russia
奶油汁烤鱼 baked fish with cream sauce
铁扒大虾 grilled prawns
4素菜（vegetable dish）
黄油杂拌蔬菜 mixed vegetables with butter
清煎土豆饼 fried potato cake
咖喱素菜 curry vegetables
5鸡鸭（chicken and duck）
烤鸡 roast chicken 炸鸡 deep-fried chicken
比利时烩鸡 Belgian stewed chicken
6肉（meat）
总会牛排 club steak 法式牛肉扒 French steak
烤羔羊腿 roast lamb leg
法式猪排 pork chop a la France
7饭后甜食（dessert）
蛋奶酥 souffle 巧克力冻 chocolate jelly
松饼 puff pastry 鲜水果沙拉 fresh fruit salad
-------------------------
Key sentences（重点句子）
244What can I get you to drink？
我给您二位拿些什么饮料呢？
245I'd like a martini， please
我要一杯马丁尼鸡尾酒。
246Are you ready to order？
想好点什么菜了吗？
247I'd like the leg of lamb
我要小羊腿。
248Okay，vegetables are peas and carrots， broccoli， cornor string beans
可供选择的蔬菜有豌豆和胡萝卜、花椰菜、玉米或菜豆。
249I'd like the char broiled steak
我要炭火烤的牛排。
250Oh，and French dressing on the salad， please
色拉上用法式色拉酱。
251What soup would you like to have，Mr and Mrs Green？
格林先生，格林太太，您要什么汤？
252I think we'll have country soup this evening
今晚我们喝乡下浓汤吧。
253How about a fish casserole for each？
每人来份鱼锅子怎么样？
254I'll have fried sole
我吃炸鲽鱼吧。
255Would you like the steak well done or rare？
您喜欢牛排煎得透一点，还是略生一点？
256What would you like for dessert？
要什么甜食呢？
257Vanilla icecre am for all of us then
那么我们都要香草冰淇淋。
258Would you care for something to drink？
您要点什么饮料吗？
259Yes，a bottle of white wineDry
好，来一瓶白葡萄酒。要干白的。
Dialogue A
Waiter：Good evening，ladiesHere's your menusWhat can I get you to drink？
Karen：I'd like a martini， please
Jean：A glass Of white wine for me
Waiter：Okay Two specials， charbroiled steak and leg of lamb
Jean：What are you having，Karen？
Karen：The leg of lamb sounds good to me
Jean：I think I'll get the charbroiled steak
Waiter：OkayOkay， vegetables are peas and crrrots， broccoli， corn， or string beans
Karen：Peas and carrots
Jean：Baked
Waiter：OkayWhat of dressing？French，Italian，blue cheese，Russian？
Karen：Italian
Jean：I'd like the charboirled steak
Waiter：Okay
Jean：And I'd like it medium－rareAnd with the broccoliAnd baked potato
Waiter：Okay， fine
Jean：Oh，and French dressing on the salad，please
Waiter：Okay，fineI'll take your menus
Dialogue B
（Lin＝L Clerk＝C Waiter＝W MrGreen＝MrMrsGreen＝Mrs）
（8∶00 pmat the restaurant）
W：Here's the menu for this eveningI'll come and take yourorder when you're ready
L：Thanks
L：What soup would you like to have，Mr and Mrs Green？
Mrs：I think we'll have country soup this evening
L：I know both of you fancy fishHow about a fish casserolefor each？I had it here last WednesdayIt's wonderful
Mrs：I'm afraid it's too rich for meI'll have fried sole
L：And MrGreen？
Mr：I'll have the same
W：Can I take your order now？
L：Yes，country soup for all three of us，two fried soles and a beef steak
W：Would you like the steak well done or rare？
L：Well done
W：Very goodAnd what would you like for dessert？
L：（To the Greens） What do you say to vanilla icecream？
Mr and Mrs：Very good
L：Vanilla icecream for all of us then
W：Very good，sirWould you care for something to drink？
L：Yes，a bottle of white wineDry
Words and Expressions
menu n菜单
martini n马丁尼鸡尾酒
steak n牛排
charbroil vt用木炭火烤
sound good （口语）听起来不错
pea n豌豆
carrot n胡萝卜
broccoli n花椰菜
corn n玉米
string bean n菜豆
bake v烤
mash vt捣烂
country soup 乡下浓汤
fancy v喜欢
casserole n焙盘
fish～ 鱼锅子
vanilla n香草
care for 喜欢，愿意
wine n葡萄酒
dry a干（的），不甜的
Key Sentences（重点句子）
229I'd like to try some Chinese food
我想尝尝中国菜。
230It's divided into eight big cuisines，or say，eight styles，such as Cantonese food，Beijing food，Sichuan food，etc
中国菜分成八大菜系，或者说八种风味。如广东菜、北京菜、四川菜等等。
231Is there any difference between Cantonese food and Beijing food？
广东菜和北京菜有什么不同呢？
232Contonese food is lighter while Beijing food is heavy and spicy
广东菜清淡适口，而北京菜则味重香浓。
233Most Sichuan dishes are spicy and hot
四川菜大都麻辣浓香。
234So what's your recommendation for me？
那么你给我推荐几道菜吧。
235I think Ma pobeancurd and shredded meat in chilli sauceare quite special
我觉得麻婆豆腐和鱼香肉丝味道不错。
236What would you like to have tonight？
今晚您要吃点什么？
237What kind of cuisine do you have in your dining－room？
你们的餐厅有什么菜系？
238We have Guang dong food，Sichuan food and Shanghai food
我们有广东菜、四川菜和上海菜。
239Could you tell me the different features of them？
你能否给我讲讲这些菜的不同特点呢？
240Guangdong food is a bit light，while Sichuan food has a strong and hot taste，and Shanghai food is oily
广东菜稍微清淡，四川菜味浓而辣，上海菜油腻。
241I think I'd like to have Guangdong food
我想要个广东菜。
242We have sliced chicken soup，dried mushroom clear soup and so on
我们有鸡片汤、香菇清汤等等。
243I prefer dried mushroom clear soup
我要香菇清汤。
Dialogue A
（The waiter is explaining something to Johnson）
A：Excuse me， I'd like to try some Chinese food Can you tell me where I should go？
B：We serve Chinese food here But I'm not sure which style you prefer？
A：I have no idea about Chinese food
B：It's divided into eight big cuisines，or say， eight styles，such as Cantonese food， Beijing food， Sichuan food，etc
A：Is there any difference between Cantonese food and Beijing food？
B：Yes，Cantonese food is lighter while Beijing food is heavy and spicyThe famous specialities of these two are roast suckling pig and roast Beijing duck
A：How about Sichuan food？
B：Most Sichuan dishes are spicy and hotAnd they taste differently
A：Oh，really，I like hot foodSo what's your recommendation for me？
B：I think Mapo beancurd and shredded meat in chilli sauceare quite specialWe have a Sichuan food dining-room May I suggest you go there？ It's on the second floor
A：Thank you
B：My pleasure
Dialogue B
（A：Waiter B：Mr Frank）
A：Mr Frank，what would you like to have tonight，Western food or Chinese food？
B：When I was in America，my friend，MrDull recommended me to have Chinese food，and I appreciate it very much in－deedWhat kind of cuisine do you have in your dining－room？
A：We have Guangdong food， Sichuan food and Shanghai foodWhich one do you like best？
B：I don't like anything greasyI think I'd like to have Guangdong food
A：OK。How about saute prawn section，saute lobsterslices with mushroom？
B：All rightI'll take them all
A：MrFrank，do you like to use chopsticks？If you don't，I'll get you fork and knife
B：If I can have them，so much the better
A：Do you like some soup？
B：Yes， I don't know what soup you have
A：We have sliced chicken soup，dried mushroom clear soup and so on
B：GoodI prefer dried mushroom clear soup
A：According to the specifications of Chinese food， we serve dishes first and then soupIf you like we'll bring you some soup first
B：I'm used to having soup first
A：All right， I'll get it for you
Words and Expressions
cuisine n烹饪，烹饪法
light a清淡的，易消化的
heavy a难消化的
spicy a香的，加香料的
Cantonese a广州的
speciality n特制品，特产
roast suckling pig 烤乳猪
roast Beijing duck 北京烤鸭
hot a刺激的，辣的
chilli n（干）辣椒
feature n特征，特色
oily a浸透油的，油腻的
greasy a油腻的
saute a嫩煎的，用少量油快炸的
lobster n大螯虾；龙虾
mushroom n蘑菇
specification n规格，说明书
213Where would you like to sit？
您愿意坐在哪儿？
214We would like a table by the window so that we can en－joy the view of the lake
我们想坐在窗户旁边，这样好欣赏外面湖上的景色。
215I'm sorry， sir The window tables have all been taken
很抱歉，先生，靠窗户的桌子都有人了。
216What about one that is further back but still offers a view of the lake？
有靠后一点的桌子，还能欣赏到湖上景色，行不行？
217Would you follow me，please？
请跟我来好吗？
218It's number 14 and your waitress will be with you right away
这就是您的桌位，14号，服务员马上会来招待你们。
219I'm sorry，the house is full now
对不起，餐厅现在客满了。
220But if you would like to wait you are more than welcome to do so
但是如果您愿意在这儿等的话，我们非常欢迎。
221And it is on…？
那么账记在……？
222Now would you please take a seat and wait over there？
您先在那边坐下来等好吗？
223We will have you seated as soon as we get a free table
有空桌就请您入座。
224Would you come this way，please？
请这边走。
225I'm sorry to say that we haven't got any vacant seat at resent
很抱歉眼下没有空桌位了。
226Would you please wait in the lounge for about five minutes？
请在休息室等大约5分钟好吗？
227I'm sorry to have kept you waiting，sir and madam
先生和夫人，很抱歉让您等待。
228Would you step this way，please？
请这边走好吗？
vacant a空的，闲的
lounge n休息室
sprite n雪碧
Key Sentences（重点句子）
260Here is the fried beef with green pepper and onion
这是胡椒洋葱炒牛肉。
261And I have ordered another dish—plain fried shrimps
我还点了另外一道菜——清炒虾仁。
262It's coming
就来了。
263It's sweet and sour pork
这是糖醋肉。
264I'm afraid there is a mistakeI ordered a sweet and sour fish
恐怕弄错了，我要的是糖醋鱼。
266Excuse me，sirI ordered the hairy crab，but you gave me the green crab
对不起，先生。我点的是毛蟹，而你给我的是青蟹。
267I'll get you the head－waiter
我去请主管来。
268I do apologize for giving you the wrong dish
给您上错了菜，我实在抱歉。
269I'll change it immediately for you
我马上给您换。
270I'm afraid I don't have enough time to wait for the next cra
1、牛排3分熟：3 medium steak；
2、5分熟：five points；
3、7分熟：7 points cooked；
4、全熟：well-done。
吃西餐必知：
1、三分熟牛排（medium rare）：大部分肉接受热量渗透传至中心，但还未产生大变化，切开后 上下两侧熟肉棕色，向中心处转为粉色再然后中心为鲜肉色，伴随刀切有血渗出。（新鲜牛肉和较厚牛排这种层次才会明显，对冷冻牛肉和薄肉排很难达到这种效果）；
2、五分熟牛排（medium）：牛排内部为区域粉红可见且夹杂着熟肉的浅灰和综褐色，整个牛排温度口感均衡。
3、七分熟牛排（medium well）：牛排内部主要为浅灰综褐色，夹杂着少量粉红色，质感偏厚重，有咀嚼感。
4、全熟牛排（well done）：牛排通体为熟肉褐色，牛肉整体已经烹熟，口感厚重。
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