语文间接引语什么意思 语文间接引语是什么意思

1、语文间接引语就是转述别人的话或者要表达的意思。直接引语是指在文中直接引用别人的原话。而间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的意思，或引用自己说过的话。在语文写作中，我们经常会遇到将直接引语与间接引语进行转换的情况。

2、直接引语转换为间接引语时，不管提示语在哪里（前、后、中），都应该将提示语写道前面来。直接引语转换成间接引语，标点符号遵循“两去两改”的原则。去掉冒号和引号。感叹号、问号都改成句号。直接引语中出现了第三人称，改写为间接引语时，人称代词不用改变。直接将句子整理通顺即可。

间接引语又叫间接引述，只用在表述 意见的动词之后的一种从句，这种从句并非由主语直接叙述出来，而是通过第三人转述的。实际上 间接引语大都是 宾语从句，当 直接引语为祈使句， 陈述句， 疑问句被转换成间接引语时，句子的结构， 人称， 时态， 时间， 时间状语和 地点状语等都要 发生 改变。间接引语其实就是我们所说的第三人称转述。

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比如：他们说：“皇帝死后将成为神。” [直接引语] Dixere:"Augustus post mortem deum factus erit"

他们说，那个皇帝死后将成为神。[间接引语] Dixere Augustum post mortem deum faciendum esse

间接引语中，引语的主语要使用宾格，动词要使用不定式，不定式的时态取决于引语、动词发生的时间与主句动词时间的先后性，不定式的性、数取决于间接引语的主语（如前所述，只用宾格）。

如：执政官们认为奴隶们不该被释放。Consules sentiunt servos non esse liberandos

区别

直接引语：直接引述别人的话（句子中有“”）。

间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语”（句子中一般无“”）

A一般不表示请求或祈使的句子改为一个宾语从句

连词

若直接引语引号里的内容是陈述句，那么改为间接时，要用连词 that (可以省略)

若直接引语引号里的内容是一般疑问句，那么改为间接时 ，要用连词 if/whether (不可以省略)

若直接引语引号里的内容是特殊疑问句，那么改为间接时 ，要用连词 wh- 即特殊疑问词本身（不可省）

2变化

（1）主句动词的变化

一般说来，主句谓语动词常为said或said to，变为间接引语时，当直接引语是陈述句时，said不变。当直接引语是一般疑问句和特殊疑问句时，则要把said或said to变为asked / asked sb

（2）从句人称的变化

由直接引语变间接引语时，从句的主语人称要遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则。①直接引语的主语是第一人称变为间接引语时要和主句的主语保持一致。②如果直接引语的主语是第二人称变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语保持一致。③如果直接引语的主语是第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。例如：

①They said, “We will go there by bus” →They said they would go there by bus

②She said to me, “Are you interested in science” →She asked me if I was interested in science

③His mother said to me, “He can't go to school” →His mother told me that he couldn't go to school

（3）、从句动词时态的变化

a 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句的时态则应是与主句时态相应的过去时态。①一般现在时→一般过去时；②一般过去时→过去完成时；③现在进行时→过去进行时；④现在完成时→过去完成时；⑤过去完成时→过去完成时（不变）；⑥一般将来时→过去将来时。例如：

The girl said, “I'm sorry for being late for class” →The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class

b 直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语从句的时态保持不变。例如：

He says, “I have finished my homework” →He says that he has finished his homework

She will say, “I'll do it tomorrow” →She will say that she'll do it the next day

c 直接引语如果是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，从句时态不变。例如：

The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun” →The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun

（4）、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化

直接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词的变化为this→that， these→those等；时间状语的变化为now→then， today→that day， yesterday→the day before, tomorrow→the next day等；地点状语的变化为here→there；动词的变化为come→go（go 不要变come）。例如：

She said, “I will come this evening” →She said that she would go that evening

2 He said, “My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now” →He said that his sister had been there three days before, but she was not there then

B表示请求或祈使的句子改为句型tell/ask/order sb (not) to do sth

当直接引语引号里的内容表示要求时用tell sb (not) to do sth

当直接引语引号里的内容表示请求时用ask sb (not) to do sth

当直接引语引号里的内容表示强制要求时用order sb (not) to do sth

1、释义：间接引语又叫间接引述，只用在表述 意见的动词之后的一种从句，这种从句并非由主语直接叙述出来，而是通过第三人转述的。

实际上 间接引语大都是 宾语从句，当 直接引语为 祈使句， 陈述句， 疑问句被转换成间接引语时，句子的结构， 人称， 时态， 时间， 时间状语和 地点状语等都要 发生 改变。间接引语其实就是我们所说的第三人称转述。

2、直接引语变间接引语：

1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：

He said，“I am very sorry”

——>He said that he was very sorry

2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的,转换为第一人称，如：

“You should be more careful next time,” my father told me

——>My father told me that I should be more careful next time

3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：

She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight”

——>She said to her son that she would check his homework that night

4）人称的转换包括人称代词、反身代词、物主代词等，如：

He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon”

——>He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon

总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。

5) 为了方便记忆 有个口诀：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。

另有：一随主，二随宾，三不变。指的都是从句（间接引语）人称的变化。

直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，原话用有引号，而间接引语是引述别人的话，不用引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语改为间接引语时，引述动词是现在时，则间接引语中的动词、时间、时态的形式不变。

关键要掌握下列“三要素”。

要素一：陈述句的间接引语——连接词用that，在口语中可省略。引述动词用said, told, ,等。例如：

1) He said: “I’ve left my book in my room”→

He told me that he had left his book in his room

2) She said: “He will be busy”→

She said that he would be busy

要素二： 疑问句的间接引语。一般疑问句后连接词用if或whether，而引述选择疑问句时只能用whether，引述动词用asked，没有间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语me, him等，例如：

She said to Tom, “Can you help me”→

She asked Tom if /whether he could help her

1) She asked, “Is this book yours or his”→

She asked me whether that book was mine or his

2) 特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。例如：

The teacher asked, “how did you repair it” →

The teacher asked me how I had repaired it

要素三：祈使句的间接引语——采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。

told

即 asked sb (not) to do sth

ordered

warned

注意：引语中的呼语可改成宾语。引语中的please 去掉，动词改为 ask

1) The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time” →

The teacher told the students not to waste their time

2) The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please”→

The mother asked Tom to get up early

“五不变”

在直接引语变间接引语时，还要注意以下五种不变的特殊情况。

1． 直接引语如果是客观真理，谚（习）语，变间接引语时时态不变。例如：

The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun”→

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun

My father said, “Practice makes perfect”→

My father said practice makes perfect

2 直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的，习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的，变间接引语时，时态保持不变，例如：

The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day”→

The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day

He said, “We are still students’→

He said they are still students

3． 直接引语如果有明确的表示过去的时间状语，时态不变。例如：

He said to me, “I was born in 1978”→

He told me that he was born in 1978

The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967”→

The engineer said he was at college in 1967

4．直接引语中凡有When， since，while 引导的从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句时态，从句的时态不变。例如：

He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy” →

He said he had studied English since he was a boy

She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus→

She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus

Mr Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job”→

Mr Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job

5．如果直接引语中引述部分含有insist, suggest, demand等引导的虚拟宾语从句，变间接引语时，引语中的主从句时态都不变。例如：

He said, “We insisted that she start immediately→

He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately

She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once”→

She said he demanded that the girl leave at once

另外，如果说话人转述自己的话，人称则可不变 例如：

I said to him, “I have finished it”→I told him I had finished it

如果就在当地转述, here不必变为there，come不必改为go，如果就在当天转述，则today, yesterday, tomorrow等状语也不必变化。例如：

She said to us, I’ll come here tomorrow”→

She told us she would come here tomorrow

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