文化，用英语怎么说

中文：文化

culture 英[ˈkʌltʃə(r)] 美[ˈkʌltʃɚ]

n 文化; 养殖; [生物学] （微生物等的） 培养; 修养;

vt 培植，培养;

[例句]Callum, recently arrived in Glasgow, is jobless, homeless, friendless, and suffering from culture shock

卡勒姆初到格拉斯哥，没有工作，无家可归，无人倾诉，在文化冲击中挣扎。

[其他] 第三人称单数：cultures 复数：cultures 现在分词：culturing过去式：cultured 过去分词：cultured 形近词： celtuce multure vulture

浅谈英语文化知识渗透于英语教学

内容摘要

语言是文化的载体，是文化的主要表现形式。它是随着民族的发展而发展的，是社会民族文化的一个组成部分。不同民族有着不同的文化、历史、风俗习惯和风土人情等，各民族的文化和社会风俗又都在该民族的语言中表现出来。语言离不开文化，文化依靠语言，英语教学是语言教学，当然离不开文化教育。随着我国对外交往与民族接触的日益迫切的需要，英语教学要重视交际能力的培养和随之而来的要求对所属文化有所了解的呼声越来越高。在英语教学中，教师应努力培养学生的文化习得意识，使文化规范的教学与语言技能的培养同步进行。

关键词 语言 文化 文化差异 文化意识

在美国有这样一个尽人皆知的句子："When you're down, you are not necessarily out"但是许多English learners却对其含义不甚了了。原因是不了解这句话的文化背景。这原是一句拳击术语，在拳击比赛中拳击手若被对方击倒，裁判数到10还不能起来则被判输。但在很多情况下不等裁判数到10，倒地的拳击手便能爬起来再战。因此，这句话的表层意思是：当你被人击倒，并不意味着输了这场比赛。其寓意为：当你遇到挫折，并不一定丧失了成功的机会。

由此我们可以得到启示：在英语教学中要注重语言和文化的关系，应提高对中西文化差异的敏感性和适应性，应树立文化意识并注重文化知识的传授。

•一、 语言和文化

语言和文化是密不可分的。语言不仅仅是一套符号系统，人们的言语表现形式更要受语言赖以存在的社会/社团（community）的习俗，生活方式，行为方式，价值观念，思维方式，宗教信仰，民族心理和性格等的制约和影响。长期以来，在英语教学中语言和文化的这种关系一直未得到足够的重视。在教学实践中，似乎认为只要进行听，说，读，写的训练，掌握了语音，词汇和语法规则就能理解英语和用英语进行交际。而实际上由于不了解语言的文化背景，不了解中西文化的差异，在英语学习和用英语进行交际中屡屡出现歧义误解频繁，语用失误迭出的现象。如：用How much money can you earn a month来表示对外国人的关心，殊不知这是一句冒犯的问话，侵犯了别人隐私（privacy），会激起对方的反感。中国人以谦逊为美德，如当外国人称赞中国人某一方面的特长时，中国人通常会用You are overpraising me ("过奖")来应酬，这往往会让说话者感到你在怀疑他的判断力；抑或是用"Where Where"来回答，弄得外国人莫名其妙，不知所云。美国社会学家GRTucker 和WELambet对于外语教学中只教语言不教文化有这样的看法："我们相信，任何这类企图都会使学生失去兴趣，使他们不仅不想学习语言符号本身，而且也不想了解使用这一符号系统的民族。相反，帮助学生在学习语言时提高对文化的敏感性，就可以利用他们发自内心的想了解其他民族的兴趣和动力，从而提供了学习该民族的语言的基础"。

二、中西文化的偶合现象与文化差异

不同民族的文化有可能存在某些相同或相似的地方，这被称为文化的偶合现象。这主要是由于不同的民族在与大自然作斗争的过程中会有相同或相似的生活体验和经历。这种相似性必然会反映到语言中来。因而在英语和汉语中，我们不难发现许多相同或相似的表达。例如："披着羊皮的狼"，英语为wolf in sheep's clothing；"同舟共济" ，英语为in the same boat；"破土动工"，英语为break earth；"三思而后行"，英语为 think twice before you act；"蓝图"，英语为blue print，等等，这样的偶合现象不胜枚举。文化的这种偶合现象，可以促进English learners在目的语（target language）学习中的"正迁移"（positive transfer）。

但是，不同的民族所处的地理环境和历史环境不同，因而对不同的事物和经历有着不同的编码（code），分类；不同的民族因不同的宗教信仰，也导致了他们独特的笃信，崇尚和忌讳心态；不同的民族因其发展的特殊历史过程也产生了本民族自己的历史典故，传说轶事。如：汉语中的"龙"，"生死轮回"，"八卦"，"阴阳"，"气功"等，对不了解中国文化的外国人来说必然是云里雾里，不知何物。同样，当我们看到英语中He is a wolf这个句子时，还以为是"这个人很凶"，实为"他是个好色之徒"。中西两种文化的差异还可以从动物的"文化附加义"的差异窥见一斑。 对于狮子的勇猛（brave），绵羊的温顺（gentle），狐狸的狡猾（sly），乌龟的迟缓（slow），猪的贪婪（greedy），英语和汉语的文化附加义基本相同。但在老鼠，骡子和猫头鹰的习性上，英语和汉语的文化附加义则大相径庭。在汉语中有"贼眉鼠目"，"鼠目寸光"等成语，用以形容鬼鬼祟祟和目光短浅。而老鼠在英语俚语中可指女人，怕羞的人。更由于迪斯尼先生创造了Mickey Mouse这个尤物，从而使得老鼠的形象大放异彩，成为千家万户所喜爱的动物，尤其在儿童心目中，更是机智，智慧的象征。至于骡子，在汉语中，"寿命长，体力大"是它的特征。而英语中骡子是"顽固（stubborn）"的代名词。汉语中人们用猫头鹰象征不祥之兆，如"猫头鹰进宅，无事不来"，而英语中的猫头鹰则是智慧之鸟。

此外，中西文化的差异还有很多，如熟人，朋友间见面打招呼时的差异（中国人见面多问"你吃了没有？""你到哪里去？"；而外国人则说"Hello"）；人们接受礼物时表达自己态度的差异（一般中国人不会当着送礼物人的面看礼物；而外国人往往会当面撤开礼物并高兴地向人家连声称谢"Thank you I really appreciate it"）；运用体态语的差异（如：中国人召唤他人走近时常用手心向下，手指向内连续弯曲的手势，这种手势在英语中是在使唤小动物走近时用的；召唤他人走近外国人使用四指弯曲食指向内勾动的手势，而这种手势在汉语中则是极富挑衅性的）。

三、 树立文化意识，注重文化知识的传授

在中学英语教学中，应树立文化意识，应在传授语言的同时同步传授文化知识。这样做的好处是：文化知识加深了学生对语言的了解，语言则因赋予了文化内涵而更易于理解和掌握。语言教学和文化教学同步可以在传授语音，词汇，语法等语言知识时进行。如：freeze这个词的基本含义是"冰冻""结冰"。而在一个私人拥有枪支的美国社会中，一位留学生因听不懂美国人的口语Freeze!（"站住""不许动"）而被枪杀。在美国社会中，Freeze!却是人人皆知的日常用语。假如这位留学生有这点文化知识就不至于付出生命的代价。又如：教词汇professional时，告诉学生He is a professional和She is a professional可能会引起天壤之别的联想意义：He is perhaps a boxer和She is likely a prostitute 这是由英美的文化所触发的定向思维。

除了语言本身所承载的文化涵义外，西方国家的风俗习惯，人们的生活方式，宗教信仰，思维方式等等都有着深厚的文化背景和底蕴。因此，在英语教学中还要适时地向学生介绍文化背景知识。如：在中国称中年以上的人为"老"，是尊敬的表示，可在西方，"老"却意味着衰朽残年，去日无多，因此西方人都忌讳"老"，都不服"老"。有位导游讲过这样一件事：在一次带队旅游中，我们的这位导游看到一位美国老太在艰难地爬山时，便上前去搀扶她，却遭到了老人的拒绝。为什么会发生这种事呢？因为在美国这样一个老人普遍得不到尊重的社会里，老人们养成了不服老，坚持独立的习惯。所以美国的老人都不喜欢别人称其为老人（elderly people），在美国都用"年长的公民"（senior citizens）这一委婉语来指代老人。

在英语教学中，还可以将日常生活交往中的中西文化差异进行总结归纳，这对学生进行跨文化交际能力的提高能起到积极的促进作用。如可将中国人与英语国家人士初交时谈话的禁忌归纳为四个词：I, WARM, where, meal。I代表income；第二个词中W代表 weight ，A代表age， R 代表religion， M代表 marriage。由此而引出"七不问"：不问对方收入，不问体重，不问年龄，不问宗教信仰，不问婚姻状况，不问"去哪儿"，不问"吃了吗"。这样可使学生对与英语国家人士交谈的禁忌有更清楚的了解。

利用多种渠道、多种手段，吸收和体验异国文化。可以收集一些英语国家的物品和，让学生了解外国艺术、历史和风土人情；运用英语**、电视、幻灯、录像等资料给学生直观的感受，使学生对英语的实际使用耳濡目染。向学生推荐阅读体现外国文化的简易读本，以增加对英语文化的了解；邀请中外"英语通"作中外文化差异方面的专题报告；组织英语角，英语晚会等，创设形式多样的语言环境，加深对文化知识的实际运用。

总之，在英语教学中不能只单纯注意语言教学，而必须加强语言的文化导入，重视语言文化差异及对语言的影响。只有这样，才能在实际中正确运用语言。

B

按照剑桥大学以马内利学院的前院长Don Cupitt（1997，p 22-23）考证，英文中的“culture”源自拉丁文的动词colo, colere, colui, cultum 等词。在拉丁文中，这些词的意思是“to till the ground, to tend and care for”。由此来看，早在拉丁文中，这些现代英语中的“culture”一词的拉丁文中的“远祖们”，已有当代西方人使用它时所含有的许多意思，其中包括栽培，培养，驯养，耕种，照管等等。这些涵义概括起来就是，通过人工劳作，将自然界的野生动植物加以驯化和培养，使之成为符合人类需要的品种。因此，Cupitt认为，从一开始，“culture”就意指被（人所）熟识（familiarized）、驯化和培育过的世界的镜像。用古罗马法学家西塞罗（Marcus Tullius Cicero）的话来说，“culture”意指“第二自然”。由此也可以看出，在西方人的语思语境中，“culture”源自自然，又区别于自然，人化自然或自然的人化均可被视作为“culture”。//后来，在西方人对“culure”一词实际使用中，它的涵义不断扩展，以致于“culture”的后来的涵义不仅包扩土地的“cultivation”（耕作）即农业，也包括各种各样的家室中植物的栽培，宠物的驯化，个人技能、人格、品德和心灵的“修炼”功夫，以及人际间关系和友谊的培养（在西方人的心目中这些活动被人们理解为“low culture”），以及艺术、科学以及“cult”即对诸神祉的关注、照料、供奉和膜拜（这些活动在西方人的眼中被视为“high culture”）。这样，在西方人的使用中，“culture”就从原来的人对自然本身的照管、驯化，逐渐申引为对人自身本能状态的教化、培养和“修身”的工夫和活动，以及对人与人之间的关系的培养和照料活动。尽管如此，“culture”一词本来所含蕴的人对自然的照料和驯化的意思，仍然还存留在这个词的西方现代语义之中

文化 ，天地万物(包括人)的信息的产生融汇渗透(的过程)。 下面是我给大家整理的一些英语 范文 ，供大家参阅!

有关文化的 英语 作文 篇1

On an introduction to Chinese and western culture of appreciation

Culture is a unique human spiritual phenomenon, as a symbol system, which constitutes the essential difference between man and animal, it is to humanity as a carrier, is a property of humanity, and humanity perish We can say that culture is the main designer and bearers of the human spirit, the human self-consciousness highest cohesion

The Chinese culture and western culture differences reflected in many ways。For example, food, clothing, music, architecture…First of all, the Culture of China is home to one of the world's oldest and most complex civilizations Confucianism was the official philosophy throughout most of Imperial China's history and strongly influenced other countries in East Asia But the America culture as the representative of western culture, the thought foundation are derived from the European Renaissance, the source is the culture in ancient Greece and Rome, Christian influence is far-reaching, the value of individual freedom and rights, pay attention to the practice and exploration Second, Western culture is based on individualism But Chinese culture is based on masses (collectivism) For example, in the US, you always talk about individual rights, instead of placing the whole society above your own self In China, we prefer noodles, rice , JiaoZi as the main course But In west countries, people

like eating hamburgers, chips, pizza, pasta as their main course The last, Chinese culture that is based on humanism and people But West uses law to resolve people and people's relationship You can never find 'law' well-established in China Chinese uses ethics and tolerance to resolve people and people's relationship

In a nutshell Culture is everything, culture is everywhere In today's world, no nation and the country can get rid of their traditional culture With the advance of globalization and cultural exchanges between the countries have become increasingly frequent, explore the overall differences in Chinese and Western culture, and aims to promote economic and cultural exchanges between China and the West, strengthening the "global village" of contact and seek common development

在介绍升值对中国和西方文化

文化是一种独特的人类精神现象，作为一种符号系统，它构成了人与动物的本质区别，它是人类作为一个载体，是人类的财产，人类灭亡。我们可以说，文化是主设计师和人类精神的载体，人类的自我意识最高的凝聚力。

中国文化与西方文化的差异体现在许多waysFor例如，食品，服装，

音乐，建筑首先，中国的文化是家世界上最古老和最复杂的文明之

一。儒家思想在整个帝国最中国历史的官方哲学，并强烈影响了其他东亚国家。但美国文化作为西方文化的思想基础是从欧洲文艺复兴派生的代表，来源是在古希腊和罗马文化，基督教的影响是深远的，个人的自由和权利的价值，要注意在实践和探索。其次，西方文化是基于个人主义。但是，中国的文化是基于大众(集体)。例如，在美国，你总是说话，而不是把全社会上面你自己对个人权利。在中国，我们更喜欢面条，米饭，饺子作为主菜。但在西方国家，人们喜欢吃汉堡包，薯条，比萨，意大利面作为主菜。

一言以蔽之。文化是一切，文化是无处不在。在当今世界，任何国家和国家可以摆脱自己的 传统文化 。随着全球化和各国之间的文化交流的推进日益频繁，探讨在中国和西方文化的整体差异，旨在促进中国与西方之间的经济和文化交流，加强联系的“地球村”，并寻求共同发展。

有关文化的英语作文篇2

The culture differences between the East and West

As we know ,there are so many differences between culture of the East and West that I can not list all of their different aspectsI will focus on the differences of diet custom and teaching systemFor your better understanding ,I will set examples of China and America

It is no doubt that it is a tradition to use chopsticks for ChineseBut people in America prefer to forks and knivesThis different result is based on different food they are like Americans choose to eat beefsteak,bread,and salad,while Chinese people choose noodles ,pancakes and riceWhat is more,the custom of drinking tea in China and drinking coffee in America are stand out particularlyHowever,there is a trend that the food in both countries has been mixtureFor example,the coffee and bread have introduced to ChinaThe famous KFC is very popular at children The gap of teaching system between China and America is bigChinese students always complain about their homeworkToo much homework has limited the time to exercise and relaxThey have to recite many things as to get a high markHomework comes the first to them

In my opinion,the study in America is more interesting Teachers pay attentions to training students skills in thinking in realastic life not to emphasis on the importances of memoriesIn a addition,the rate of going to school ,the salary of teaching ,and the job of gruduates are quite different,tooI should say that Chima government should make great efforts to improve its teaching syetemI am also expect to be one day ,the West give more cheers to our country

有关文化的英语作文篇3

Hi, Tony!

I’m glad that you will come to Beijing soon There are lots of places of interest in Beijing In order to experience traditional Chinese culture better, I do recommend Beijing Hutong tour

First, we’re going to go sightseeing along the lanes in Hutong The houses in Hutong are traditional, such as Siheyuan From them, you can imagine how people used to live Of course you can stop anywhere you like and it is interesting to take pictures or have a close look Second, we are going to pay visits to a Hutong family We can have lunch there and have a short talk with the local residents, which can help you learn about many stories of the past We can not only appreciate the dramatic changes that Hutong has undergone, but also see evidence of the history of Beijing, experience the old way of life and experience traditional Beijing culture

In a word, Hutongs are the homes of common people in the past It is easy to know how people lived and had fun in the old days So it is a good choice to learn about traditional Chinese culture I’m looking forward to your coming

Yours,

Li Hua

有关文化的英语作文篇4

I’m glad to hear that you are interested in traditional Chinese festivals

My favorite festival is the Mid-Autumn Festival It usually comes in September or October On that day, our family members usually get together and have a nice meal After that, I always admire the moon and share mooncakes with my families

I love this festival because I like eating mooncakes They are in the shape of a full moon They carry people’s wishes to the families they love and miss In short, the Mid-Autumn Festival is a day of pleasure and happiness I hope that my letter will help you know more about Chinese festivals

Yours,

Li Hua

有关文化的英语作文篇5

My favorite Chinese festival is the Spring Festival which comes on the first day of the Chinese Lunar Year There is a name for each year, such as the dog, the monkey, the tiger or one of the twelve animals, and this year is the year of the horse

Before the New Year’s Day, the Chinese people usually give their houses a good cleaning and on the last evening of the old year, all the members of a family will get together and have a big meal People usually have jiaozi, fish, niangao and many other dishes On the first or second day of the new year, people usually go to visit their relatives and friends and give some lucky money to children

Among all the festivals, I like the Spring Festival best not only because I can enjoy delicious food, but also because I can relax myself by spending a few days with my family, my relatives and my friends

有关文化的英语作文篇6

Hi! Tom,

I’m glad to hear that you are interested in traditional Chinese festivals There are many traditional festivals in China, and my favorite is the Spring Festival It falls on the first day of the Chinese lunar New Year The Spring Festival is as important as Christmas in the US and Chinese people have been celebrating it for many years

To celebrate the Spring Festival, I usually stick the Chinese character “Fu” upside down on the door, which means happiness will come Besides, I always prepare some red paper cutting to decorate my house because I believe the red color can bring our family good luck On the eve of the festival, Myfamily usually get together, having dinner and sharing some interesting experiences Midnight is my favorite time because I can set off fireworks and admire them Shining little stars coming out of fireworks create a warm atmosphere Everyone is overjoyed as they say farewell to the old year and welcome the new year

I really like the Spring Festival because it’s time forfamily reunionsand the relationshipbetween us becomes closer Besides What’s more, I can do various activities during the festival I hope you can come to China to experience this colorful and meaningful festival

Yours,

Li Hua

有关文化的英语作文篇7

In China, on the theoretical explanation of the relationship between language and culture, although not as brilliant as Western, but combined with traditional language is a long history of cultural studies To promote world Chinese teaching of development and China language culture of spread, promotion Chinese people and world States people of mutual understand and friendship, Ministry of Education decided to established "China language culture friendship Award", grant in Chinese teaching, and sinology research and the China language culture spread aspects made highlights contribution of foreign friends, this is People's Republic of China established 50 years to, Ministry of education first established so of awards traditional language culture security is China culture security indispensable of part, in current world globalization wave of background Xia, States, and all national of culture Exchange reached unprecedented of scale and depth, and China culture of inclusive sexual in economic integration of footsteps Xia also in constantly increased with toughening of tension Datong, we can see the present Chinese culture is becoming increasingly strong sense of values and culture of the people has become increasingly international, which is conferred by advanced social development, national progress of the times Traditional Chinese language and culture, poetry and prose status is showing There have been many famous works of rich content, keeping mind, vivid manifestation of the spirit of traditional virtues of the Chinese nation and noble style These works are liberated from the stereotypes of life, beyond covering the breadth of mind, with the enormous power of infection

有关文化的英语作文篇8

Cultural differences

There are plenty of people in the world They come from different countried, have their

own race, belief and way of life What is more, their culture is different from others' So,

there is no doubt that cultural difference exist among lots of countries, especially between

eastern and western countries

Compared with the way of life, eastern people always have a bath in the evening or at

night in order to relax themselves after one-day's hard work while western people take a

bath in the morning so as to keep freshly for the whole day In general, it is true,

especially for Chinese people We, Chinese people would like to take baths at night rather

than in the morning It is a kind of habits we behave all the time

Compared with the relationships, differences are as follow: firstly, eastern people like to

make friends, sometimes through their friends, parents, relatives While western people

behave a little shyly They do not want to make friends all the time Secondly, eastern

people would like to hang out with the person they do not know about quite a lot while

western people just like going out with the person whom they get along well with

Finally, eastern people have much more friends than western people for their quite

different way of getting along with their friends There is no doubt that eastern people

are more outgoing than western people, so I agree with these a lot

As for way of solving problems, eastern people always deal with things indirectly They

pay much attention to many things around them, and always work for a long time to solve

the problem However, western people just go straight the heart of the problem and solve

it directly and efficiently As far as I am concerned, this difference between eastern and

western people is quite normal and correct Eastern people, especially Chinese people

care about things around them a lot, they always want to satisfy everyone's need, so that

they spend much more time to solve a problem than western people

As for way of thinking, people in eastern areas usually think indirectly They used to

think about the things around them a lot and try to deal with things in a reasonable even

perfect way However, in comparison with the eastern people, people in the western areas

often think directly They pay less attention to the things around them and care much

more about themselves Honestly speaking, I disagree to thisIn my opinion, everyone is

special and has their right and obligations to do things There is no need for us to critise

others and what we should do is to respect their own decision

There are a lot of differences between eastern and western culture These are the symbols

of their own characteristics and we need time to dig out more differences so as to learn

more about them Most importantly, we must respect their culture firstly!

1、culture英[ˈkʌltʃə(r)]美[ˈkʌltʃər]，n文化(艺术、音乐、文学等的统称或指拥有特定信仰等的国家、群体等); 文明(指国家或群体的风俗、信仰、艺术、生活方式及社会组织); 文化; 种植; 培养物;vt培养(细胞或细菌)。

2、[例句]We are all to a great extent the products of our culture我们在很大程度上都是本土文化的产物。

当然可以啦，任何语言都根植于特定的文化背景之中，反映特定的文化内容。实际上，英语学习中，语言的学习与运用就是一种文化与另一种文化的交流与传播。静止孤立地学习某种语言，只能得到语言知识的皮毛，不可能获得语言能力，不可能得体地运用该语言。所以，要学好和使用好英语，就要了解产生、使用这种语言的特定的社会文化背景和文化习俗，才能在实际应用中表达正确、符合习惯。否则，对英语文化背景知识缺乏了解，必然导致交际障碍、冲突和误解。

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