英语中个体名词与集体名词的区别

又一夜2023-05-02  25

个体名词:

个体名词指作为个体而存在的人或东西,可以指具体东西,如:

She

has

three

brothers她有三个哥哥。

也可指抽象的东西,如:

He’s

been

here

for

a

month他在这里待一星期了。

下面是一些常见的个体名词:

accident,

account,

actor,

adult,

animal,

answer,

apartment,

article,

artist,

baby,

bag,

ball

集体名词:

集体名词是由个体组成的集体的名称,下面是一些常见的集体名词:

aristocracy,

army

audience,

bacteria,

cast

committee,

community,

company,

council,

crew,

data,

enemy,

family,

flock,

gang

government,

group,

herd

,jury

media

这些词本身有复数(注明者除外),带复数动词,表示多个集体。

单数集体名词有时作单数看待,有时作复数看待。一般说来,作为整体时作单数看待,想到它包含的成员时作复数看待。试比较下面句子:

The

public

was

unlikely

to

support

it公众支持它的可能性不大。

The

public

were

deceived

by

the

newspapers公众受到报纸的蒙骗。

The

enemy

has

suffered

heavy

losses敌人受到重大损失。

The

enemy

were

attacking

the

town敌军正在攻打该城。

The

government

is

discussing

the

proposal

某些集体名词,如family, team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

His family is a happy one

The whole family are watching TV

这类名词有:audience,class,club,company,crew,enemy,crowd,government,group,party,public,team等。

名词population一词的使用情况类似。“a group(crowd) of +复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数,前者强调整体,后者强调各个部分。

2)某些集体名词,如people, police, cattle等,只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数。如:

The police are searching for the thief

一样。

谓语动词单复就集体名词的具体意义而定。

his

family

is

a

big

one

his

family

are

watching

TV

集体名词有的可数,有的不可数。

一般来讲,只能用作单数的集体名称是不可数的,如furniture家俱、equipment设备、machinery机器。而可以用作复数的则是可数名词,如people

cattle

police。

欢迎追问

(人在英国)

英语句子表达,既要注意主谓一致,又要兼顾时态。因此,你给的句子要修改成:

We

ask

people

who

did

not

come

here

the

reason

why

they

did

not

come

We

ask

everyone

who

did

not

come

here

the

reason

why

they

did

not

come

说明:they后面一般现在时态,都是用复数形式。

集体名词单复数情况变化分类:

1、只当作复数看待的名词,谓语动词自然使用复数:

people(人)(做“民族”时,复数形式是peoples),police,cattle,staff

等。

2、单复数形式取决于单词表达意义的常见词:

class,group,team,family,government等,当表示组织单位时,当作单数看待;表示组织单位中的成员时,当作复数看待。例如:

His

family

is

large

The

family

are

watching

TV

3、everyone,everybody等不定代词,在上下文使用人称代词指代时,为了使用方变,经常使用they,代替his

or

her。例如:

We

ask

everyone

if

they

have

their

own

learning

methods

祝你开心如意!

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