动词在句子中只能作谓语,而动名词作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。顾名思义:动名词是用动词+后缀ing后形成的一种形式,由于加了ing后的动词同时具有名词和动词特点,因此我们称它为动名词,例如动词:speak+ing=speaking;write+ing=writing;learn+ing=learning由于动名词既具有动词特点和名词特点。动词在句子中只能作谓语,而动名词作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
动名词,指的是动词ing形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰,动名词有时态和语态的变化。英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来。
例如:They run into constant discrimination in trying to find a job or friend
在寻找工作和结交朋友方面,他们不断地受到歧视。
Living in digs means having one room in someone's house
寄居的意思是在别人的家里借住一间房间。
动名词用法口诀:
动名词常泛指,句法作用宾/表/定与主,
时态/语态之形式,一般/完成/被动式。
Being done系被动,不含任何进行意。
不指未来发生事,表达的信息系已知。
检验方法很简单,主与表换位能成立。
用作定语也易辩,表示名词之用途。
(跟动名词作宾语的常用动词附后),
时态同谓动作比较,先于谓动用完成式,
其逻辑主语不固定,在句中/句外均有之。
否定式其前加not,复合式其前加物主词,
非句首宾格词也可用,尤其口语中更如此。
说明: 主--主语;宾--宾语;表--表语;定--定语;谓动--谓语动词。
在句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词。
动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。在句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词。如果动名词的复合结构作宾语,其逻辑主语是无生命的名词时,用普通格。
特征
英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来,它仍一方面保留着动词的某些特征(例如可以带宾语、表语、状语),具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念。
另一方面动名词在句子的用法及功能与名词类同:在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。它也可以被副词修饰或者用来支配宾语。
动名词,指的是动词ing形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词(即非谓语动词)。
动名词,可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰,动名词有时态和语态的变化。英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来。
动名词的用法
1、动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数;
2、在动名词和不定式中,作为介词的宾语是动名词;
3、动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语。
扩展资料
动名词变化规则如下:
1、一般情况下直接加ing。
think-hinking;sleep-sleeping;study-studying;speak-speaking;carry-carrying;
2、以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e,再加ing。
wake-waking;make-making;come-coming;take-taking;leave-leaving;
3、以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing。
begin,cut,get,hit,run,set,sit,spit,stop,swim,beg,drop,fit,nod,dig,forget,regret,rid等。(visit不是以重读闭音节结尾,不用双写)
参考资料来源:百度百科-动名词
动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。
解释:动词的ing形式如果是名词,这个词称动名词。
编辑本段一、动名词的作用
动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
1动名词由动词
+
ing构成,否定形式为not
doing,具有动词和名词的性质,在句中起名词作用,可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
1)作主语。如:
Seeing
is
believing
Laying
eggs
is
the
ant
queen’s
full-time
job
It
is
no
use
arguing
with
him
注意:动名词和不定式都可以作主语,动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为,不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如:
Playing
with
fire
is
dangerous
(泛指玩火)
To
play
with
fire
will
be
dangerous
(指一具体动作)
但在It
is
no
use/good,
not
any
use/good,
useless等后常用动名词间或用不定式。
2)作表语。如:
Her
job
is
teaching
3)作宾语。如:
He
is
fond
of
playing
football
I
like
swimming
①admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,face,feel,like,finish,forgive,give
up,imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,practise,put
off,resist,risk,suggest,can’t
help(情不自禁),can’t
stand(无法忍受)等动词成词组后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式。
②forget,go
on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别。
Let’s
go
on
studying
Lesson
6
(让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。)
Let’s
go
on
to
study
Lesson
6
(让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。)
I
remember
doing
the
exercise
(我记得做过练习。)
I
must
remember
to
do
it
(我必须记着做这事。)
I
tried
not
to
go
there
(我设法不去那里。)
I
tried
doing
it
again
(我试着又干了一次。)
Stop
speaking
(不要讲话。)
He
stopped
to
talk
(他停下来讲话。)
I
mean
to
come
early
today
(我打算今天早些来。)
Missing
the
train
means
waiting
for
another
hour
(误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。)
③在allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如:
We
don’t
allow
smoking
here
We
don’t
allow
students
to
smoke
④动词need,require,want作“需要”解,其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做,这时,动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be
worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如:
The
window
needs/requires/wants
cleaning/to
be
cleaned
Her
method
is
worth
trying
⑤在短语devote
to,look
forward
to,stick
to,to
be
used
to,object
to,thank
you
for,excuse
me
for,be(kept)
busy,have
difficulty/trouble/problem(in),have
a
good/wonderful/hard
time(in),there’s
no
use/good/need,feel/seem
like/get
down
to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式,例如:
I
look
forward
to
hearing
from
you
soon
⑥在love,hate,prefer,like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时,指一般情况,而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。
⑦start,begin,continue在书面语中多后接动名词,在口语中多后接不定式。
但start和begin在下列情况下一般跟不定式作宾语:当主语是物而不是人时;当start或begin以-ing形式出现时,当后面作宾语的动词表示感情、思想或意念时。如:
It
started
to
snow
He
is
beginning
to
cook
dinner
I
began
to
understand
what
he
meant
⑧在should(would)
like/love等后须用不定式。
4)作定语,例如:
He
has
a
reading
room
2动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。在句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词。如果动名词的复合结构作宾语,其逻辑主语是无生命的名词时,用普通格。如:
His
coming
made
me
very
happy
Mary’s
crying
annoyed
him
She
didn’t
mind
his
crying
Is
there
any
hope
of
Xiao
Wang’s
winningHe
insists
on
the
plan
being
carried
out
3动名词的时态和语态
动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种,如果动名词的动作没有明确地表示出时间是与谓语词所表示的动作同时发生或在谓语动词所表示的动作以前发生,用动名词的一般式。如:
We
are
interested
in
playing
chess
His
coming
will
be
of
great
help
to
us
如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,通常用动名词的完成时态。如:
I’m
sorry
for
not
having
kept
my
promise
在某些动词或词组后,常用动名词的一般形式,尽管其动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的。如:Excuse
me
for
coming
late
主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象时,动名词用被动语态。被动语态由“being
+
过去分词”或“having
been
+
过去分词”构成。后一种一般很少使用,以免使句子显得累赘。如:
He
likes
being
helped
He
was
afraid
of
being
left
at
home
I
don’t
remember
having
ever
been
given
a
chance
to
do
it
[编辑本段]动名词的作用动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等 作主语Reading is an art 读书是一种艺术 Climbing mountains is really fun 爬山真是有趣 Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer 在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事 动名词作主语,在动词的基础上加Ing,是该动词或动词短语,有名词的各种特征,可作名词灵活使用如: It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk 覆水难收 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间 It was hard getting on the crowded street car 上这种拥挤的车真难 It is fun playing with children 和孩子们一起玩真好 There is no joking about such matters 对这种事情不是开玩笑 动名词作主语的几种类型 动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讨论 动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况: 1 直接位于句首做主语例如: Swimming is a good sport in summer 2 用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语 动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后例如: It is no use telling him not to worry 常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等 注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构 3 用于“There be”结构中例如: There is no saying when he'll come很难说他何时回来 4 用于布告形式的省略结构中例如: No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ) (禁止吸烟) No parking (禁止停车) 5 动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(——这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语例如: Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us 6例词 shopping fishing cycling这些都是很常见的动名词 二、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较 动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语在意义上相近但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作比较: Smoking is not good for health It is not good for you to smoke so much 注意: 1)在口语中,用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见 2)在“It is no use”,“It is no good”,“It is fun”,“It is a waste of time”等句型中,通常用动名词作真实主语: It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that 3)在疑问句中,通常用动名词的复合结构,而不用不定式的复合结构作主语: Does your saying that mean anything to him Does for you to say that mean anything to him 4)在“There be”句型中,只能用动名词,而不能用不定式作主语: There is no telling what will happen It is impossible to tell what will happen 5)当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时,要遵循前后一致的原则,主语和表语在形式上要求统一: Seeing is believing To see is to believe 作宾语(1)作动词的宾语 某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式常见的此类动词有:advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can’t stand, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to,escape 等如: They went on walking and never stopped talking 他们继续走,说个不停 I found it pleasant walking along the seashore 在海滩上走真是乐事 Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations 每当马克违反交通规则时,他常常企图逃避罚款的处分 (2)作介词的宾语 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划 Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work 我们休息呢还是开始干活 (3)作形容词的宾语 The music is well worth listening to more than once 这种曲子很值得多听几遍 We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备 作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置 Your task is cleaning the windows 你的任务就是擦窗户(Cleaning the windows is your task) What I hate most is being laughed at 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑 (Being laughed at is what I hate most) 作定语动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途如: a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping [编辑本段]动名词的逻辑主语带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格,这便构成了动名词的复合结构其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语,动名词是逻辑上的谓语动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句如: Her coming to help encouraged all of us 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us) Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble) What’s troubling them is their not having enough food 烦扰他们的是食物不足 (=What’s troubling them is that they have not enough food) 在口语中,如果动名词复合结构作宾语,其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格,名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替,但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替如: Would you mind my/me using your computer 用下你的电脑介意吗 The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college 爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学 Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset 玛丽病了,使她妈妈很着急 His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气 在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语: a无命名词 The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting 这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒 b 有生命名词但表示泛指意义 Have you ever heard of women practising boxing 你听说过妇女练拳击吗 c 两个以上的有生命名词并列 Do you remember your parents and me telling about this 你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事吗 [编辑本段]动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态如下: 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 其否定形式是在doing前加上not 1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作,即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作,或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作如: I hate talking with such people 我讨厌与这样的人说话 Being careless is not a good habit 粗心不是一个好习惯 2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前如: I don’t remember having met him before 我记不得以前见过他 Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help 谢谢你费力帮忙 3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者,动名词用被动语态 (1)它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,或在其前发生如: I don’t like being laughed at in public 在公共场合下,我不喜欢被别人嘲笑 (2)它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前如: I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal 我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌 (3)在某些动词,我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式,尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,这似乎是一种强大的习惯如: Excuse me for being late 我来晚了请你原谅 I don’t remember ever meeting somewhere 我记不得原来在什么地方见过 Thank you for giving us so much help 谢谢给我们这么大的帮助 (4)在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式,而用一般式代替,以免句子显得累赘,尤其是在口语中如: I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo 我曾被带到过这个动物园,可我忘了 (5)动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形,但无进行意义,being不可省略如: She is afraid of being taken to the public 她怕被领到大众面前 [编辑本段]常见题型1) 动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数 2) 在动名词和不定式中,作为介词的宾语是动名词 3) 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语 例: I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you’re calling(Key:C;换成your calling也对) 4) 有些词后只能接动名词 admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can’t help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand 5) 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法 it’s no good; it’s no/little/hardly any/ use; it’s not/hardly/scarcely use; it’s worthwhile; spend money/time; there’s no; there’s no point in; there’s nothing worse than; what’s the use/point 6) 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可 remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式,但意义截然不容 例: remember to do/doing: ①I remembered to post the letters(指未来/过去未来将要做的动作) ②I remembered posting/having posted the letters(我记得做过这个动作) forget与remember的用法类似 regret的用法: ①I regret to inform you that…(我很遗憾地通知你……) ②I regretted having left the firm after twenty years(为了“二十年前的离开”而遗憾) try to(努力)与try +–ing(试验): ①You really must try to overcome your shyness ②Try practicing five hours a day [编辑本段]动名词与现在分词的同与不同动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同,都是在动词原形的词末加-ing在现代语法中,这两种形式同视为"-ing形式" 这两种形式的另一个相同之处是:它们都是由动词变化而成的,它们都保留了动词的某些特征,它们都能带自己的宾语、状语,而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分例如: Speaking in the public , he will surely be very cheerful (现在分词短语,作状语)他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的 She hates speaking in the public (动名词短语,作宾语)她不喜欢在公众场所讲话 区别: 1动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是: ①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如: My hobby is swimming可改为Swimming is my hobby(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换) ②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如: The story is interesting 不可改为:Interesting is the story 2动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于: 动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质状态或动作等试比较: ①a swimming boy和a swimming suit 前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”,即a boy who is swimming ,现在分词swimming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作;而后者的意思是“游泳衣”,即a suit for swimming , 动名词swimming表示suit 的用途 ②a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car 前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”,即a child who is sleeping ,现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态;而后者的意思是“卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢)”,即 a car which is used for sleeping ,动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途
动词ing形式的变化规则主要有五种,分别是:
动词加+ing;
双写最后的辅音字母再加+ing;
不发音字母e结尾的动词去掉e再加+ing;
y结尾的动词直接+ing;
以ie结尾的动词改ie为y再加+ing。
扩展资料
1、一般情况下,在动词词尾直接加-ing,如:
①check(检查;核对)—checking
②call(叫;打电话给)—calling
③rain(下雨)—raining
2、以一个字母-e结尾的单词,去掉字母-e,再加-ing,但是双写-ee结尾的,要直接加-ing。如:
①move(移动;感动)—moving
②like(喜欢;愿意)—liking
③close(关闭;结束)—closing
3、以重读闭音节结尾,即“辅+元+辅”结尾的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing。如:
①stop(停止,阻止)—stopping
②beg(乞求,乞讨)—begging
③drop(滴落;投下)—dropping
4、以-y结尾的动词直接加-ing。如:
①carry(携带;拿,刊登)—carrying
②enjoy(喜欢;享有)—enjoying
③dry(弄干)—drying
5、以-ie结尾的动词,把-ie改为-y,再加-ing。如:
①die(死)—dying
②lie(说谎;躺)—lying
③tie(捆,绑)—tying
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