什么是定语从句?

表示时间短的词2023-02-05  18

定语从句,一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它通常只能放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。

定语 从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。

扩展资料:

从句结构

定语从句公式:定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句

先行词:指被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或句子。一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。

关系词:关系词常有3个作用:

①连接作用,连接主句和定语从句。

②指代先行词。

③在定语从句中担当成分。

参考资料来源:百度百科-定语从句

定语从句,就是用来修饰名词或代词的句子,起到定语的作用,所以叫做 定语从句。 定义 被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它需要放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。定语从句一般由 关系代词来引导。关系代词必须放在定语从句之首。定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1)who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3)which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语) 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。 1)when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如: There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗? 2)that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如: His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。 例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示 出。) (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. (对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

定语从句,是指一类由关系词引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语,所以曾被称为定语从句,这类从句除了可以做定语之外,还可以充当状语等其他成分,所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。下面为大家带来了什么是定语从句举例,欢迎大家参考阅读!

什么是定语从句举例1

什么是定语从句

关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1)who,whom,that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:

A prosperitywhich / thathad never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)

The packagewhich / thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语)

关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

1)when, where, why

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例 如:

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

2)that代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从 句,在非正式文体中that常被省略(正式文体中不可省略),例如:

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住过的地方。

判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要 求用关系代词。例如:

(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的.成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系 副词.先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,应选择关系代词;先行词在从句中作状语时,应选 择关系副词。

例如:(对)Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?

(对)Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?

定语从句举例

(1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

(2)He is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见到的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 刚刚和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。(whom在从句中作宾语)

注:who在定语从句中指人,作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略;做及物动词或介词的宾语,可省略。

2,which,that 用来指物(有六种情况只可用that而不用which)

(用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略),例如:

(1)The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在从句中作主语)

(2)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to comeunwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)

什么是定语从句举例2

一、形容词作后置定语的几种情况

1.当形容词修饰由 any-,every-,no-,some- 和 -body,-one,-thing 等构成的复合不定代词时,形容词需要后置.

2.当形容词修饰起名词作用的 anywhere ,somewhere 时,通常后置.

3.以 -able 或 -ible 结尾的形容词一般充当后置定语,表示暂时的特征或现象,而且中心名词前大多有形容词最高级或 all,only,every 等.

4.以字母 a- 开头的表语形容词,如 asleep,awake,afraid,afloat,alive 等作定语时,通常后置.

5.else 修饰疑问代词时,须后置.

6.当形容词前有 so,more,most 等词修饰时,常后置.

7.形容词短语通常后置,其功能相当于一个定语从句.

8.两个或两个以上的形容词用 and 或 or 连接作定语,表示强调意义时要后置.

9.形容词比较结构须后置定语.

10.有些形容词作前置定语时和后置定语时所表达的意义不同.

二、副词 here,there,in,out,above,below,home,abroad,before,yesterday 等作定语时,需要后置.

三、介词短语作定语时须后置.

四、动词不定式(短语)作定语时须后置.

五、单个分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)作定语时,如果强调的不是永久的特点,而仅是分词本身的动作时,通常后置;分词短语则须作后置定语.例如:

六、定语从句通常用作后置定语.


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