梵高的故乡是哪里？最著名的画除了《向日葵》还有什么？

森特·梵高

Vincent Van Gogh，1853年3月30日－1890年7月29日

荷兰人，后期印象画派代表人物

梵高摒弃了一切后天习得的知识，漠视学院派珍视的教条，甚至忘记自己的理性。在他的眼中，只有生机盎然的自然景观，他陶醉于其中，物我两忘。他视天地万物为不可分割的整体，他用全部身心，拥抱一切。

梵高很晚才作为一位极具个性化的画家而崭露头角，距他去世时只有八年。

梵高几乎没有受过什么正规的绘画训练。为弄到画布、油彩和画具而日复一日地奔波劳碌，精神上也不断处于矛盾的状态，为追求艺术的完美而承受着压力，这些即使不是他后来罹病的直接原因，也给他的生活悲剧埋下了种子。

梵高着意于真实情感的再现，也就是说，他要表现的是他对事物的感受，而不是他所看到的视觉形象。

梵高把他的作品列为同印象主义画家的作品不同的另一类，他说：“为了更有力地表现自我，我在色彩的运用上更为随心所欲。”其实，不仅是色彩，连透视、形体和比例也都变了形，以此来表现与世界之间的一种极度痛苦但又非常真实的关系。而这一鲜明特征在后来成了印象派区别于其他画派而独立存在的根本。

梵高是一位具有真正使命感的艺术家，梵高在谈到他的创作时，对这种感情是这样总结的：“为了它，我拿自己的生命去冒险；由于它，我的理智有一半崩溃了；不过这都没关系……”.

梵高从来没有放弃他的信念：艺术应当关心现实的问题，探索如何唤醒良知，改造世界。

在他完成了他举世瞩目的七幅向日葵后，他选择了自杀。

梵高自杀年仅三十七岁，作为一位艺术家，直到死前不久他才以其震憾人心而富于想象力的绘画赢得评论界的赞扬。

梵高死后不出几年，一些画家就开始模仿他的画法，为了表现强烈的感情，可以不对现实作如实的反映，这种创造性的态度被称作表现主义，并且证明是现代绘画中一种历久不衰的倾向。即为了主观意识而对物体进行再塑造。

尽管高更和梵高的名字双双成为现代表现主义的先锋，成为极端个性化的艺术家的典型，但要设想他们的个人特点有多在不同则是很难的。高更是个攻击传统观念的人，语言刻薄、玩世不恭、冷漠无情，有时蛮横无礼。而梵高对于共事的艺术家，则充满了一种天真的热情的深沉的爱。在他有了一段生活经历之后，这种爱使他成为一个美术商人，并产生了进行理论研究的愿望，进而成为比利时煤矿区的一名传教士。1880年他开始学画，后来他在布鲁塞尔、海牙和安特卫普进修。于1886年来到巴黎，他在这里见到了劳特累克、修拉、西涅克和高更以及原先的印象主义小组的成员。

梵高在巴黎结识了印象主义画家之后，他的调色板就变亮了。他发现，他唯一深爱的东西就是色彩，辉煌的、未经调和的色彩。他手中的色彩特征，与印象主义者们的色彩根本不同。即使他运用印象主义者的技法，但由于他对于人和自然特有的观察能力，因而得出的结论也具有非梵的个性。这从来都是如此的。而这种色调与向日葵永远朝向太阳的精神又如此吻合。“无论多高多大，永远不会忘记自己的来处”.这就是向日葵的精神。

Vincent · Fangao on March 30, 1853 was born in Zindel is special, because in 1890 7 months on 29th contracted neurosis in the French tile this river bank to commit suicide the body to die. Did business long ago, latter craves in the religion, after 1880, starts to study the drawing. Once knew west E. Beorne, P. in Paris nie gram and painters and so on P. Gauguin. The early work sends the impressionism and the new impressionism picture the influence, the representative works to have "Food Potato", "the Sener Streamside" and so on. Once two times in laborer social strata and so on cafe and restaurant displayed own work. Soon is weary of Paris to live, arrives at French south Ahl to force, starts to pursue has the expressive force skillSimultaneously receives innovates the trend of literary and artistic thought the impetus with the Japanese drawing inspiration, the bold exploration expresses the innermost feelings feeling freely the style, achieves the line and color own expressive force and the picture cosmetic, the implication. The representative works "Sunflower", "the Mailman Lu Orchid", "Cafe Night market", "Is wrapping up Ear's Self-portrait", "Stars shine", "Fangao Forces Bedroom in Ahl", "Ou Wei's Church" and so on, is containing the profound tragedy consciousness as well as the intense individuality and the unique pursue formally. At that time although his work is accepted very difficultly by the human, actually had the profound influence to the Western the 20th century's art. France's fauvism, Germany's expressionism as well as 20 shiji chu appears expresses feelings the abstractionism and so on, from his main body's in creation process function, freely expresses the innermost feelings feelings, to realize and to grasp the form the relatively independent value, to absorb and to pick up aspects and so on Eastern drawing factor in the oil painting creation, is inspired, has formed respectively the different drawing school. Fangao has abandoned the knowledge which all day after tomorrow custom will result, ignores doctrine which the academism will treasure, will forget own rationality. In his eye, only then the vitality abundant natural landscape, he is infatuated with in which, the thing I two forgets. He regards the world myriad things for the inalienable whole, he uses the complete body and mind, hugs all. Fangao is very late only then takes the painter who has the personalization extremely, but is budding, is apart from he died when has for eight years.

---