英语中什么是主语

英语中什么是主语,第1张

主语是一个句子中所要表达,描述的人或物,是句子叙述的主体。主语是一个句子中所要表达,描述的人或物,是句子叙述的主体。可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。

其他语种简单介绍如下:

谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词+主要动词)构成,依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。不论何种时态,语态,语气,凡由一个动词构成的谓语都是简单谓语。

宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。

定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的成分。定语主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子。

状语,英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语。状语的功用:说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。

6、英语补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的,是起补充说明作用的成分。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作补语。

英语句子中的主语 主语就是是一个句子的主题,它的位置一般在一句之首,可用做主语的有单词,短语,从句乃至句子 如: the man (主语)grasped the boy(宾语) by the hand那男人抓住那个男孩的手. is would be nice to see her again 如果可以再见她一面,那将是一件令人开心的事.(句子做主语)

英语中可以充当主语的成分有:名词,代词,名词化了的动词,形容词,分词,副词或数词等,动词不定式或不定式短语, 从句,以及某些固定词组。,作主语的词:名词,代词,名词化了的动词,形容词,分词,副词或数词等,动词不定式或不定式短语, 从句,某些固定词组。

名词作主语

例:The villagers didn't realize how serious the pollution was until the fish in the river died

直到河里的鱼死了,村民们才意识到污染的严重性

S(subject主语)+ V(verb谓语动词) +O(object宾语) 主系表结构 :S(subject主语)+V(verb谓语动词,也称为系动词,就是所说的“系”)

倒装:Not until the fish in the river died did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was

注意:倒装在主句,从句不倒装 /did 和not 提前,只剩动词原形

强调:It was not until the fish died in the river that the villagers realized how serious the pollution was

如果强调的是主语或宾语且指人用who,其他一律用that。是that,而非其他/主句的顺序(倒装不强调,强调就不倒装)

人称代词(主格),名词性代词,指示代词,不定代词,such(----样的人、物),it(时间,天气,距离等)

at midnight /in the(泛指)middle of the night

例:It is 9 o'clock when I went home

我回家的时候已经九点了

一般句:It was nine when I got home

强调句:It was at nine that I got home

原形:I got home at nine

注意:作主语在句首/it作主语构成(常用 v-ing,不常用只有 use,good)

(1)It is +adj +of (人的属性)/for (物的属性)to do

例:It is necessary to finish the design before National day Tomorrow is National day

有必要在国庆节之前完成设计。明天是国庆日

(2)it is +n+for/of to do

例:It is not good manners for Arabs to stand close talking to their friends

对阿拉伯人来说,和他们的朋友说话离得近不是一个好习惯

It is a great honor for us to be invited to the party

被邀请参加聚会是我们极大的荣幸

在感叹句中必须用it作形式主语:What a joy/ pleasure (it is) to read the book

在问句中必须用形式主语:Is it possible to go to the moon by spaceship:可以乘宇宙飞船去月球吗?

数词作主语

Ten out of 100 Americans are over /above /more than 65

动名词作主语

一般 / 完成时

v-ing: 主动/doing/having done

not doing:被动/being done/having been done

注意:doing 无时间限定/与谓语同时出现/在谓语动词后发生having done发生在谓语之前

He still remembers being prized

当逻辑主语为无生命的东西时

1作主语时,通常表示一般性的无时间性的东西。而不定式表示某一种具体的动作。

Smoking is habit difficult to break:抽菸的习惯很难打破的

2主语和表语一致

Seeing is believing:眼见为实

3逻辑主语必须是所有格形式

The old man's taking pity on the snake leads to his death那个老人怜悯那条蛇,导致他的死亡。

4“it” 作形式主语:当表语为 no use,no good,no harm,any good,fun等名词或useless,nice,good,interesting,worthwhile等形容词时,句首常用it作形式主语,动名词后置。句型常用于说明“某种活动或某件事情如何”

不定式作主语

To +动词原形

Not to do 解释:具有动词的性质,作宾语,状语/具有名词的性质,作主语/具有形容词性质,作定语/具有副词的性质,作状语。除谓语不可作之外,其他都可。

一般式:to do

进行时:to be doing

完成时:to have done

完成进行时:to have been doing

to do:表示动作发生在谓语之后,I want to go home与谓语动词几乎同时发生

to be doing :表示与谓语动词同时发生

to have done:发生在谓语动词之前 Someone was considered to have done something

to have been doing :动作从过去开始一直持续到谓语动词这个动作的发生

不定式表示一种确定的动作

To do morning exercises this morning is not good for your health:今天早上去做早操对你的健康不好

名词化的形容词:the poor /the sick

名词化的过去分词:the disabled

名词化的介词短语:From my home to school is three kilometers:从我家到学校有三公里

副词----不定式或动名词

What an excitement to find a shark when you’re swimming in the sea

当你在大海中游泳时,发现鲨鱼是多么兴奋的事

句子作主语

〔1)that引导的从句,无意义,不担当句子成分,不省略

a It +v+ that从句

b It +系动词+表语+that 从句

c It is strange that he didn't e here yesterday:奇怪的是,昨天他没来这里

当形容词为important necessary strange /that should +动词原形

It is strange that he should (表示吃惊)pass the exam:奇怪的是,他可以通过考试

〔2)It is +n +that 从句

What a pity it is that you didn't e to this party:真遗憾你没来这个聚会

当名词为a pity/a shame /a surprise +should +v原形(表示竟然)

What a pity that she should be fail in exam:真遗憾,她竟然考试不及格

〔3) It is +过去分词+that 从句

It is reported that a car accident happened there:据报道,发生一场车祸

从句s +be v-ed + inf

He is said to be studying in the USA:据说他在美国学习

有人建议suggest/order/request + 从句 should +动词原形

〔4) It +动词原形seem/appear /turn out/+that

It seems that it will rain:看来要下雨

〔1 〕It strikes that 从句 :表示“某人突然想…”

It occurs to that从句:表示“某人发生了…”

〔2〕 为强调从句意义,that从句常放在句首

例:That he will e here is of great help:他来这儿是很有帮助的

That you failed the exam will…:你考试失败了会…

--What made his father so angry :什么使他父亲很生气?

--That he failed the exam 或He fails the exam:他考试不及格

c在问句中必须有形式主语

It is true that Bush will visit China again

Whether /if是否不担当句子成分,也不省略

A句首只用whether

Whether he will e to the meeting is unknown yet

B句末形式主语都可用 It ----whether/if

It is of no/little important whether/if it will rain today

c在有些句型中,从句不在前 It doesn't matter whether ----

It doesn't matter whether it is new/it will rain tomorrow

〔3) 连接代词 who /whom/whose/what/which/担当从句成分,有意义,不省略

A what + + clause

What we will do next is not decided

B what+修饰词 意为什么样的……

What color you like is none of my business

C what ……人,……事,……物

What he said at the meeting surprised everyone present

注意:what前是否有先行词/与that 之间的区别

That he said it at the meeting surprised everyone present

What 与which 的区别

Which/what you want---若给定范围用which,没有用what。

What ---be that---强调句的一种(强调后者):

What I need most is that someone helps me

另外,what引导的从句作主语时,大多数情况下视为第三人称单数:

What we need is time

What you said yesterday is right

但也有例外,如What we need are good doctors

注意:当what引导的名词性从句作主语时,主谓一致问题极为复杂。著名学者周海中教授在论文《关于what-分句作主语的主谓一致问题》中就这一问题做了深入研究,并给出了10种的主谓一致关系。这些一致关系值得英语学习者和使用者特别注意。

There be +what clause

There was we call People's Republic of China in Chinese history

What +比较级what more /what worse

what引导从句作状语修饰全句的内容。在句首或句中,很少在句尾

Which +n (single)

Whose +n(只用此)

Whose father is a doctor is no sense

It从句作形式主语(what……人或物时,不用it)

〔4)连接副词when/whose/how/why担当句子成分,有意义,不省略

How the accident happened puzzled everyone句尾用形式主语it

〔5) 引导主语从句

whoever/whosever/whatever/whichever/Anywhere/anything that /everyone that/whoever=anyone whom/anything that (泛指)/anything what (特指)

Whoever 指人从意义判断

Who 引导指事

Since the introduction of reform, China has made earth shaking changes自从改革以来,中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。

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