动词过去式过去分词

炒香菇2023-04-29  19

5 动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则

动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种

1) 规则变化

情况 例词 读音与说明

动词原形 过去式 过去分词

一般在动词原形后加-ed look

call

open

need looked

called

opened

needed looked [lukt]

called [kC:ld]

opened [5EupEnd]

needed [ni:did] ①-ed在清辅音音素后

发音为〔t〕,在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕,在元音后发音也为[d]

②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕

后发音为[id]

③但fix的过去式和过去

分词x不双写,为fixed

以-e结尾的动词加-d move

phone

hope

agree moved

phoned

hoped

agreed moved [mu:vd]

phoned [fEund]

hoped [hEupt]

agreed [E5^ri:d]

以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,

再加-ed study

carry

try studied

studied

carried studied [5stQdid]

carried [5kArid]

tried [traid]

以原音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-ed play

enjoy

stay played

enjoyed

stayed played [pleid]

enjoyed [in5dVCid]

stayed [steid]

末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stop

plan

fit stopped

planned

fitted stopped [stCpt]

planned [plAnd]

fitted [5fitid]

以-r音节结尾的词,双写r字母,

再加-ed prefer

refer preferred

referred preferred [prI`f:d]

referred [ri5fE:]

2) 不规则变化

英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况

1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形

例:

原形 过去式 过去分词

cut(切)

hit(打)

cast(扔)

hurt(伤害)

put(放)

let(让)

shut(关)

cost(花费)

set(放)

rid(清除) cut

hit

cast

hurt

put

let

shut

cost

set

rid cut

hit

cast

hurt

put

let

shut

cost

set

rid

2.过去式与过去分词完全同形

例:

原形 过去式 过去分词

find(找到)

pay(支付)

leave(离开)

lend(借出)

meet(遇见)

keep(保持)

lose(丢失)

teach(教)

sit(坐)

lead(引导)

win(赢)除) found

paid

left

lent

met

kept

lost

taught

sat

led

won found

paid

left

lent

met

kept

lost

taught

sat

led

won

3.动词原形与过去分词同形

例:

原形 过去式 过去分词

come(来)

run(跑)

become(成为) came

ran

became come

run

become

4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同

例:

原形 过去式 过去分词

give(给)

fly(飞)

drink(喝)

see(看见)

go(去)

know(知道)

wear(穿)

speak(说) gave

flew

drank

saw

went

knew

wore

spoke given

flown

drunk

seen

gone

known

worn

spoken

5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式

例:

原形 过去式 过去分词

burn(燃烧) burned

burnt burned

burnt

learn(学习) learned

learnt learned

learnt

smell(闻) smelled

smelt smelled

smelt

spell (拼写) spelled

spelt spelled

spelt

shine (照射) shined

shone shined

shone

leap (跳) leaped

leapt leaped

leapt

提示

abeat的过去式与原形同形:

比:beat(打击) beat(过去式) beaten(过去分词)

blie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同

比:lie lied,lied(说谎)

lay,lain(躺,位于)

chang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同

比:hang hanged,hanged(处绞刑)

hung,hung(挂,吊)

dwelcome(欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词

比:welcome welcomed,welcomed(正)

welcome,welcome(误)

e不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词

比:hit(打) hit,hit(正)

hitted,hitted(误)

6 现在分词的变化规则

规则 动词原形 现在分词及发音

一般在动词原形词尾加-ing,-ing发音为 [iN] go

push

play

carry going [5^EuiN]

pushing [5puFiN]

playing [pleiiN]

carrying [5kAriiN]

以不发音的e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing take

write

leave taking [5teikiN]

writing [5raitiN]

leaving [5li:viN]

重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果词尾只有一个辅音字母,要将该辅音字母双写,再加-ing cut

stop

fit

begin

forget cutting [5kQtiN]

stopping [5stCpiN]

fitting [5fitiN]

beginning [bi5^iniN]forgetting [fE5^etiN]

以ie结尾的动词,要把ie改为y,再加-ing lie

die

tie lying [5laiiN]

dying [5daiiN]

tying [5taiiN]

分别是ran,ran,running,也可以都用run表示。

run的过去式是ran,过去分词是ran,现在分词是running。

除此之外,run的过去式、过去分词和现在分词都可以写作run本身。

1run的过去式和过去分词ran,run。

2run英[rn]美[rn]v跑。

3奔跑。

4跑(某段距离)。

5跑步。

6做跑步运动。

7Thehallwayranthelengthofthevilla走廊贯穿了整个别墅。

8Theyturnedandranwhentheysawuscoming他们看见我们过来,转身就跑。

9Shecamerunningtomeetus她跑着来迎接我们。

run中文:跑步 在英语当中run是一个经常用的单词,run有几种时态:一般现在时:run 现在分词:running 第三人称单数形式:runs 一般过去时:ran 过去分词:run 这种时态是我们英语常用的

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