1、否定副词位于句首时不同
never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首,则其后要用部分倒装:
I shall never forgive him / Never shall I forgive him 我永远不会宽恕他。
表示地点的here和 there位于句首时,其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词:
Here’s Tom 汤姆在这里。
2、某些起副词作用的介词短语不同
由于含有否定词,若位于句首,其后要用部分倒装:On no accounts must this switch be touched 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。
in no time(立即,马上)位于句首时,其后无需用倒装语序:In no time he worked out the problem 他马上就算出了那道题。
3、当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首不同
其后用部分倒装语序:Only then did he realize that he was wrong 到那时他才意识到他错了。
“so+助动词+主语”倒装
当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者,通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构:You are young and so am I 你年轻,我也年轻。
部分倒装与完全倒装的区别例句如下:
一、 全部倒装
全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前全部倒装的句子通常只用一般现在时和过去时
1、 Here,There,Now,Then等副词放在句首时,句子要全部倒装,谓语动词常用come,go,be,lie,run等例如:
① There comes the bus!
② Now comes your turn
2、 表示方位的副词或介词短语置于句首时,句子要全部倒装,句中的谓语动词是come,go等表示运动的动词
① The door opened and in came the headmaster
② Up and up went the prices
③ High flew the plane
注意:
① 上述全部倒装句中主语如为人称代词,应放在动词前面
Here comes MrLee
Here he comes
Auay went the students
Auay they went
② 有时为了句子的平衡或强调,将表语置于句首,也属于全部倒装
例如:Gone are the days when we used the foreign oil
二、 部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语动词的一部分如助动或情态动词置于主语之前
1、 否定副词如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,以及含有no,not的短语放在句首时,句子要部分倒装
① Never in my life have I heard such a thing
② Little did we expect that he could come
③ Not a single word did he say at the meeting
④ By no means should we do like this
注意:如上述句子中的否定副词不置于句首时,句子结构不倒装
2、 以否定词开头的关联结构
注意:No sooner…than…,Hardly/scarcely…when…,Not only…but also,Not until…
① Not until late in the evening did he come back
② Hardly had he got on the bus when he heard a shout
③ Not only did he buy a bike for me but he also sent it to my house
注意:No sooner…than…;hardly…when;not only…but also这类句型,只将前半部分倒装,后半部分用正常语序
3、 当only置于句首修饰状语时,句子要部分倒装
① Only in this way can we learn English well
② Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed
4、 so,neither,nor在句首表示“也”或“也不”句子要部分倒装
① Tom is very kindSo am I
② I like EnglishSo does Jack
③ I can’t speak EnglishNor/Neither can he
注意:so 后主、谓语不倒装表示前面所述内容的肯定、确定
试比较:
Tom is very kindSo am I(两个人,一样情形)
Tom is very kindSo he is(一个人,一种情形)
汤姆非常和蔼他就是如此
5、 由as/though引导的让步状语从句,从句形成倒装
① Child as he was,he could speak five languages
② Hard as he work,you can’t support your family
③ Try as you do,you will ever win
注意:表语为单数名词时,不定冠词“a”应被省去
She–maker as he was,he was very happy
6、 so…that/such…that句型中so,such 位于句首时,句子要部分倒装
① So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed
7、 省略了if 的虚拟条件从句中,主谓形成了部分倒装(虚拟语气的条件句中,省略 if 后,had,were,should等应提前)
① Had you told me earlier,I could have done something
② Should anyone call,tell him to call in the afternoon
③ Were I you,I would try it again
完全倒装 将整个谓语部分置于主语之前即为完全倒装。这种完全倒装的语序出现在下列场合:
1 away , down , up , in , out 等副词位于句首且主语为名词时,可将 come , go 等表示位置转移的动词放在主语之前;但主语为代词时,主语和谓语不倒装。例如: The door opened and in came the teacher Down he sat by the table
2 here 和 there 位于句首,且主语为名词时,可将主语和谓语全部倒装。例如: Here is your rice There goes the bell
3 当句首的表语或状语是表示地点的介词短语时,句子中的主语和谓语要全部倒装。例如: On the front wall is a blackboard On the back wall hangs a map of China
4 有时为了使上下文紧密衔接,也要用完全倒装。例如: They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy
5 直接引语前置,引导语中的主语是名词时,主语、谓语通常要完全倒装。例如: “ Something is wrong with the machine, ” said Xiao Dan
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