英语助动词有哪些

学习英语的时候要注意语法和一些词的用法，下面我就为大家整理一下助动词有哪些。

英语中常见的助动词包括：

1.行为动词类：do, does, did

1. 现在进行时态中的be动词：am, is , are ,

2. 过去进行时态中的be动词：was, were

3. 一般将来时态中的助动词：shall, will,

4. 现在完成时态助动词： have, has

5. 过去完成时态助动词：had

6. 情态动词类：can, may, must, should, could, would, might, have/has to, used to,

7. 被动语态助动词：be 的各种时态.

情态动词与助动词

1、can

能，可以，表说话人同意，许可还可表客观条件许可，如:You can go now.

提建议或请求时可用can I, can you表客气，如Can I buy you a drink?

2、may

(1)可以，表说话人同意，许可或请求对方许可。You may go.

(2)(现在和将来)可能，也许，只用于肯定句和否定句中，如He may not be right.

3、must, have to

must表主观上的必须，have to表客观上的必须，如: It's getting late. I have to go. -Must I go now. -Yes, you must. (No, you needn't./ No, you don't have to.)

4、need, dare这二词有实意动词和情态动词两种词性，如用作实意动词后接动词不定式to do，如用作情态动词后接动词原形。Need I go now? --Yes, you must./No, you needn't.)

5、shall用于第一人称疑问句中表说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求，如，Shall we begin our lesson?

用于二、三人称陈述句，表说话人命令、警告、允诺、威胁等口吻，如: You shall fail if you don't work harder.

6、should表应该，意为有责任，有义务。如:We should try our best to make our country more beautiful.

7、will表有做某事的意志、意愿、安心、打算，如 "Will you lend me your book?" "Yes, I will."

8、should have done表应该做而未做

must have done表对过去事实的肯定推测

could have done表本可以做某事

9、判断句：肯定句用must, 否定句用can't, 不太肯定用may, might

He must be in the office now.

He must have gone to bed, for the light is out.

He can't be in the office. He is at home.

He couldn't have cleaned the classroom, because he didn't come here today.

He might be in the office, I am not sure.

He might have cleaned the room, I suppose.

最常用的助动词有：be, have, has,do, does,shall, did,will, should, would

什么是助动词?

1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）.被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）.

助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如：

He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语.

（doesn't是助动词,无词义；like是主要动词,有词义)

2） 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来：

a. 表示时态,例如：

He is singing. 他在唱歌.

He has got married. 他已结婚.

b. 表示语态,例如：

He was sent to England. 他被派往英国.

c. 构成疑问句,例如：

Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?

Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗?

d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如：

I don't like him. 我不喜欢他.

e. 加强语气,例如：

Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会.

He did know that. 他的确知道那件事.

最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would

半助动词

功能介绍 在功能上介乎主动词和助动词之间的一类结构,称为半助动词.常见的半助动词有be about to, be due to, be going to, be likely to, be meant to, be obliged to, be supposed to, be willing to, have to, seem to, be unable to, be unwilling to等.

情态助动词

情态助动词 1.情态助动词包括will(would), shall(should), can(could), may(might), must, need, dare, ought to, used to, had better后接原形不定词. 2.情态助动词不受主词的人称和数的限制. 3.两个情态助动词不能连用. 中文:他将能够及时完成此事. (误)He will can finish it i.

基本助动词

基本助动词 基本助动词只有三个：be, do, have, 他们没有词汇意义,只有语法作用,如协助构成进行体,完成体,被动态,否定句,疑问句等. 例如 He is giving a lecture. 他在作报告He has made a plan. 他已经订了计划The small animals are kept in the cages. 小动物都关在笼子里.He doesn't smoke.

一、be动词作助动词

⑴ 由连系动词am，is，are构成的句子：变一般疑问句时把am，is，are提到句子的前面，句尾用问号即可。变否定句时直接在am，is，are后面加not即可。例如：

肯定句:He is a student.

一般疑问句: Is he a student?

否定句: He is not a student.

(2)was 是am,is的过去式，were是are的过去式，若句子中有以上两词时，变疑问句及否定句方法与（1）相同。

二、情态动词作助动词

(1) 由情态动词can, may,will ，shall等构成的句子: 变一般疑问句时把 can, may,will ，shall提到句子的前面,句尾用问号即可.变否定句时直接在can,may,后面加not即可. 例如:

肯定句: She can swim.

一般疑问句: Can she swim?

否定句: She can not swim.

（2）could,might,would,should是can,may,will,shall的过去式，若句子中有以上两词时，变疑问句及否定句方法与（1）相同。

三、do作为助动词

（1）由行为动词构成的句子: 需要加助词do或does. 变一般疑问句时把do/does放在句子前面. 变否定句时把don’t/doesn’t放在动词的前面。要注意观察动词的形式并对号入座。一般疑问句和否定句的动词三单式都要变回原型。

play-----do plays-----does

例如:

肯定句: They play football after school. He plays football after school.

一般疑问句: Do they play football after school? Does he play football after school?

否定句: They don't (do not) play football after school. He doesn’t’ play football after school.

（2）did是do和did的过去式，变一般疑问句时把did放在句子前面. 变否定句时把didn’t放在动词的前面, 要注意观察动词的形式并对号入座。一般疑问句和否定句的动词都要变回原型。

四、have/has作为助动词

(1)由have,has构成的现在完成时句子，变一般疑问句时把have,has提到句子的前面，句尾用问号即可。变否定句时直接在have,has后面加not即可。例如：

肯定句：He has read today’s newspaper.

一般疑问句: Has he read today’s newspaper.?

否定句: He has not read today’s newspape

(2)had是have和has的过去式，在构成的过去完成时句子中，变一般疑问句时把had提到到句子的前面，句尾用问号即可。变否定句时直接在had后面加not即可。

(3)若have,has,had没有出现在完成时的句子中，则当实义动词对待，请参考实义动词的用法。

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