就前原则是指什么?

就前原则是指什么?,第1张

就前原则指主语后面跟有as well as、along with、with、together with、except、besides、including、followed by等引导的词组时,谓语动词的单、复数根据主语的单、复数而定。

就前原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity),即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。就远原则就是谓语动词的变化,谓语动词与前面主语一致。

具体用法:

1、由 or,not only … but also …, either … or …, neither … nor …,not … but …等连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要根据就近原则来确定。

2、“名词 + 介词 /介词短语( with,together with,along with,as well as 等) + 名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由介词前的名词的单复数形式决定。

1、就前原则:主语后面跟有 as well as,along with,with,together with,except,besides,including,followed by 等引导的词组时,谓语动词的单、复数根据主语的单、复数而定.

e.g. The girl as well as boys has learned to use computers.

2、就近原则:

(1)在正式文体中:

(a)由下列词语连接的并列主语:"there be+句型or either …or;norneither…nor;whether…or;not…butnot only…but also" 等.e.g.

①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关.

②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错.

③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父亲该受责备.

④Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了,他也错了.

(b)在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致.e.g.

①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声.

②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书.

(2) 非正式文体中:

有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”.

e.g.Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿.(非正式)

Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式)

但是,如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规范的.e.g. No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见.(依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则;但语法上,“No one ”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”.“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则.


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