Section Ⅲ A Brief Introduction of Mineral Exploitation and Utilization of Tibet

The exploitation and utilization of mineral resources in Tibet may be traced up to the beginning of the Christian eraTo improve the tools of pro-duction Tibetan people learned the iron and copper smelting techniques early in the 1st century under the reign of the Tibetan king ZhatriIn the early 7th century under the reign of Tarpo Sharsi，the 30th king of Tibet（during the Tang Dynasty），ploughs，spades and other iron-made tools were widely usedLater，for the decoration of Buddhas，temples and palaces gold and mineral pigments came into useThe history of Tibetan medicine began in the 4th cen-tury when many mineral medicines were usedThe book“Sibu Pharmacopoeia”published in 720 recorded the usage of boronIn addition，ex-ploitation and utilization of salt and peat for daily life，lead ores for making hunting guns，jade and gem stones for decoration，as well as that of kaolin can also be traced way back in history

Regular mineral exploitation based on geological prospecting started after the founding of New ChinaFrom late 1950s to 1960s Tibet exploited mainly coal and boron，sometimes on a extensive scaleThe mining areas were Tu-main for coal and the Baingoin Lake and Dujiari for boronThe exploitation of chromite and the development of geothermal resources commenced in the 1970s，when the Dongfeng chromite mine was established in Dongqiao of Am-do CountyThe Yangbajain geothermal power station was built and put into operation in 1977Meanwhile，cement limestone，placer gold，peat，gypsum，salt，granite，china clay，etcwere also mined in a minor scopeMining indus-try in Tibet has developed rapidly since the 1980sThe Dongfeng mine was shifted from Dongqiao to Lhobsa and the construction of the new mine startedA number of enterprises of the Shannan District，Qusum County and Lhasa City came to Lhobsa and set up their chromite mining branches，local or col-lectiveThe No2 Geological Party，the Geophysical Prospecting Party，and the township enterprises of the Qusum and Gongga Counties mined the chromite deposit in Xianggashan on the east of LhobsaThe advancement of mining industry in the Shannan District and its economic benefits had stimulat-ed the mining industry of Xigarze，Nagqu and some other placesIn Xigarze area，apart from chromite，boron was developed in the west partIn Nagqu area，chromite，placer gold，boron and lead-zinc deposits were the key tar-getsIn 1986 the“Law of Mineral Resources”and a series of the related rules and regulations were promulgated by the StateAccordingly，the People＇s Government of the Tibet Autonomous Region formulated local rules and regu-lations to bring the mining industry into the orbit of legal systemThe Region and the six subsidiary districts，cities and individual counties established the corresponding mineral resources management organizationsBy 1991，there were more than 10 state-owned and collective mining enterprises in the Re-gionWhen added in the privately owned ones，the total reached 38；of which 15 of chromite，7 of boron，2 of gold placer，6 of lead-zinc，3 of stibium，2 of coal，1 of iron，1 of limestone，1 of gemstone；others were of copper，salt，gypsum，tin placer，granite，peat，apatite，geotherm，etcMining has become the backbone industry in TibetIts proportion in the industrial output value of Tibet has distinctly increased，eg，68%in 1986，149%in 1987，225%in1988，34%in 1989，and 272%in 1991Mining industry had manifested its immeasurable effects and functions in the development of national economy and in the improvement of people＇s life in Tibet

把代码填写进去，然后刷新一下就好了

ObjectDock天气插件全国各城市代码

关键词： ObjectDock天气插件代

安装Objectdock后苦于不知城市天气代码，让这一适用功能成了鸡肋，在网上淘来以下代码，到县级城市，很全面，测试本地可用。右键设置城市代码后选择Metric Units，显示为摄氏度，就是汉字显示有点乱码。

全国各城市objectdock天气插件代码 :

Abag Qi,CHXX0243

Acheng,CHXX0001

Aihui,CHXX0174

Akqi,CHXX0210

Alar,CHXX0212

Altay,CHXX0196

Anda,CHXX0187

Ang'angxi,CHXX0002

Ankang,CHXX0394

Anning,CHXX0003

Anqing,CHXX0452

Anshan,CHXX0004

Anshun,CHXX0005

Anyang,CHXX0269

Arxan,CHXX0182

Bachu,CHXX0211

Bailing-Miao,CHXX0247

Baingoin,CHXX0324

Baise,CHXX0488

Baiyin,CHXX0006

Balguntay,CHXX0204

Baoding,CHXX0308

Baoji,CHXX0387

Baoqing,CHXX0188

Baoshan,CHXX0370

Baotou,CHXX0007

Barkam,CHXX0348

Batang,CHXX0352

Bayan Mod,CHXX0225

Bayanbulak,CHXX0206

Baytik Shan,CHXX0201

Beihai,CHXX0499

Beijing,CHXX0008

Bengbu,CHXX0444

Benxi,CHXX0296

Bijie,CHXX0418

Boxian,CHXX0439

Boyang,CHXX0009

Bugt,CHXX0287

Chang Dao,CHXX0312

Changbai,CHXX0299

Changchun,CHXX0010

Changde,CHXX0416

Changji,CHXX0011

Changling,CHXX0277

Changping,CHXX0012

Changsha,CHXX0013

Changshu,CHXX0014

Changting,CHXX0472

Changzhou,CHXX0015

Chaoyang,CHXX0294

Chengde,CHXX0302

Chengdu,CHXX0016

Chengshantou,CHXX0314

Chenzhou,CHXX0435

Chifeng,CHXX0286

Chongqing,CHXX0017

Chuxiong,CHXX0373

Da Xian,CHXX0400

Da-Qaidam,CHXX0230

Dachen Dao,CHXX0464

Dalad Qi,CHXX0018

Dali,CHXX0371

Dalian,CHXX0019

Dandong,CHXX0306

Danxian,CHXX0505

Daocheng,CHXX0357

Daodi,CHXX0020

Daolin,CHXX0021

Darlag,CHXX0336

Datong,CHXX0251

Datun,CHXX0022

Dawu,CHXX0347

Daxing,CHXX0023

Dege,CHXX0344

Delingha,CHXX0231

Dengqen,CHXX0342

Deqen,CHXX0360

Dinghai,CHXX0455

Dingtao,CHXX0320

Dingxi,CHXX0024

Dingxian,CHXX0025

Dongfang,CHXX0504

Dongsha Dao,CHXX0503

Dongsheng,CHXX0255

Dongtai,CHXX0445

Dulan,CHXX0235

Dunhua,CHXX0284

Dunhuang,CHXX0223

Duolun,CHXX0285

Dushan,CHXX0432

Ejin Qi,CHXX0220

Emei Shan,CHXX0359

Enshi,CHXX0406

Erenhot,CHXX0240

Fangxian,CHXX0395

Fengcheng,CHXX0026

Fengjie,CHXX0401

Fengning,CHXX0292

Fengtai,CHXX0027

Fogang,CHXX0483

Foshan,CHXX0028

Fu-sui,CHXX0030

Fuding,CHXX0469

Fujin,CHXX0185

Fushun,CHXX0029

Fuyang,CHXX0442

Fuyun,CHXX0197

Fuzhou,CHXX0031

Gangca,CHXX0232

Gangu,CHXX0032

Ganyu,CHXX0438

Ganzhou,CHXX0436

Gaoyao,CHXX0491

Gaoyi,CHXX0033

Garze,CHXX0345

Gengma,CHXX0377

Golmud,CHXX0234

Gonggar,CHXX0034

Gongxian,CHXX0035

Guaizihu,CHXX0222

Guang'an,CHXX0036

Guangchang,CHXX0470

Guanghua,CHXX0396

Guangnan,CHXX0477

Guangzhou,CHXX0037

Guiding,CHXX0038

Guilin,CHXX0434

Guiping,CHXX0489

Guiyang,CHXX0039

Gushi,CHXX0443

Guyang,CHXX0040

Haicheng,CHXX0041

Haikou,CHXX0502

Hailar,CHXX0175

Hails,CHXX0244

Hailun,CHXX0183

Haining,CHXX0042

Haiyang,CHXX0319

Haliut,CHXX0246

Hami,CHXX0219

Hangu,CHXX0043

Hangzhou,CHXX0044

Hanjiang,CHXX0045

Hanzhong,CHXX0390

Harbin,CHXX0046

Hechi,CHXX0478

Hechuan,CHXX0047

Hefei,CHXX0448

Hejiang,CHXX0048

Henan,CHXX0337

Hequ,CHXX0256

Heyuan,CHXX0492

Hezuo,CHXX0339

Hoboksar,CHXX0199

Hohhot,CHXX0249

Hong Kong,CHXX0049

Hotan,CHXX0216

Hua Shan,CHXX0388

Hua-yang,CHXX0052

Huade,CHXX0248

Huadian,CHXX0290

Huailai,CHXX0301

Huajialing,CHXX0239

Huang Shan,CHXX0453

Huangpi,CHXX0050

Huangshi,CHXX0051

Huili,CHXX0366

Huimin,CHXX0311

Huize,CHXX0367

Huizhou,CHXX0053

Hulan,CHXX0054

Hulin,CHXX0194

Huma,CHXX0172

Huoshan,CHXX0447

Hushitai,CHXX0055

Huzhou,CHXX0056

Jartai,CHXX0252

Jarud Qi,CHXX0275

Ji'An,CHXX0425

Jiangcheng,CHXX0384

Jiangjin,CHXX0057

Jiangling,CHXX0408

Jiangmen,CHXX0058

Jianyang,CHXX0059

Jiaonan,CHXX0060

Jiaoxian,CHXX0061

Jiaxing,CHXX0062

Jiexiu,CHXX0268

Jilin,CHXX0063

Jinan,CHXX0064

Jingdezhen,CHXX0457

Jinghai,CHXX0065

Jinghe,CHXX0202

Jinghong,CHXX0380

Jingyuan,CHXX0066

Jining,CHXX0250

Jinzhou,CHXX0067

Jiujiang,CHXX0068

Jiulong,CHXX0361

Jiuquan,CHXX0226

Jiutai,CHXX0069

Jiuxian Shan,CHXX0475

Jiuzhen,CHXX0070

Jixi,CHXX0193

Jurh,CHXX0245

Jurong,CHXX0071

Kaba He,CHXX0195

Kaifeng,CHXX0072

Kaiyang,CHXX0073

Kangding,CHXX0358

Karamay,CHXX0200

Kashi,CHXX0074

Keshan,CHXX0181

King's Park,CHXX0170

Korla,CHXX0209

Kowloon,CHXX0075

Kuandian,CHXX0305

Kunming,CHXX0076

Kunyang,CHXX0077

Kuqa,CHXX0208

Lancang,CHXX0379

Langzhong,CHXX0399

Lanxi,CHXX0078

Lanzhou,CHXX0079

Lenghu,CHXX0227

Leting,CHXX0307

Lhasa,CHXX0080

Lhunze,CHXX0329

Lian Xian,CHXX0481

Liangping,CHXX0405

Lianping,CHXX0484

Liaoyang,CHXX0081

Lijing,CHXX0365

Lincang,CHXX0378

Lindong,CHXX0276

Lingling,CHXX0429

Lingxian,CHXX0310

Linhai,CHXX0463

Linhe,CHXX0253

Linjiang,CHXX0297

Lintong,CHXX0082

Linxi,CHXX0281

Lishi,CHXX0264

Lishui,CHXX0461

Litang,CHXX0353

Liuyang,CHXX0083

Liuzhou,CHXX0479

Liyang,CHXX0450

Longkou,CHXX0313

Longli,CHXX0084

Longzhou,CHXX0494

Lu Shan,CHXX0456

Luhe,CHXX0085

Luodian,CHXX0431

Luoyang,CHXX0086

Lushi,CHXX0389

Lushun,CHXX0087

Lusi,CHXX0446

Luxi,CHXX0376

Luzhou,CHXX0088

Macau,CHXX0512

Macheng,CHXX0403

Madoi,CHXX0335

Manas,CHXX0089

Mandal,CHXX0242

Mangnai,CHXX0217

Maoming,CHXX0090

Mazong Shan,CHXX0221

Mei Xian,CHXX0486

Meishan,CHXX0091

Mengla,CHXX0383

Mengshan,CHXX0480

Mengxian,CHXX0092

Mengzi,CHXX0385

Mianyang,CHXX0351

Minhang,CHXX0093

Minqin,CHXX0229

Minqing,CHXX0094

Miquan,CHXX0095

Miyun,CHXX0096

Mohe,CHXX0171

Mudanjiang,CHXX0278

Nagqu,CHXX0325

Nanchang,CHXX0097

Nancheng,CHXX0465

Nanchong,CHXX0098

Nanjing,CHXX0099

Nanning,CHXX0100

Nanping,CHXX0471

Nansha Dao,CHXX0511

Nantong,CHXX0101

Nanxiang,CHXX0102

Nanyang,CHXX0391

Nanyue,CHXX0423

Napo,CHXX0487

Naran Bulag,CHXX0241

Neijiang,CHXX0103

Nenjiang,CHXX0177

New Kowloon,CHXX0104

Niuzhuang,CHXX0105

Nyingchi,CHXX0356

Otog Qi,CHXX0254

Pagri,CHXX0330

Pingliang,CHXX0270

Pingtan,CHXX0476

Pingwu,CHXX0350

Pingyao,CHXX0106

Pingyin,CHXX0107

Pishan,CHXX0215

Poli,CHXX0108

Potou,CHXX0309

Pucheng,CHXX0468

Pukou,CHXX0109

Qamdo,CHXX0343

Qian Gorlos,CHXX0190

Qijiaojing,CHXX0205

Qingdao,CHXX0110

Qingjiang,CHXX0111

Qinglong,CHXX0303

Qingyuan,CHXX0289

Qinzhou,CHXX0498

Qionghai,CHXX0506

Qiqihar,CHXX0112

Qitai,CHXX0113

Qu Xian,CHXX0460

Quanzhou,CHXX0114

Qumarleb,CHXX0333

Rizhao,CHXX0322

Rongjiang,CHXX0433

Ruili,CHXX0375

Ruo'Ergai,CHXX0338

Ruoqiang,CHXX0214

Sangzhi,CHXX0410

Sanhu Dao,CHXX0509

Sansui,CHXX0426

Sertar,CHXX0346

Shache,CHXX0115

Shangchuan Dao,CHXX0501

Shanghai,CHXX0116

Shangzhi,CHXX0192

Shantou,CHXX0493

Shanwei,CHXX0496

Shaoguan,CHXX0482

Shaowu,CHXX0466

Shaoxing,CHXX0117

Shaoyang,CHXX0422

Shashi,CHXX0118

Shengsi,CHXX0454

Shengxian,CHXX0458

Shenyang,CHXX0119

Shenzhen,CHXX0120

Sheyang,CHXX0441

Shiguaigou,CHXX0121

Shijiazhuang,CHXX0122

Shilong,CHXX0123

Shipu,CHXX0459

Shiquanhe,CHXX0323

Shuangcheng,CHXX0124

Shule,CHXX0125

Simao,CHXX0381

Sinan,CHXX0420

Siping,CHXX0283

Sog Xian,CHXX0341

Songpan,CHXX0349

Stanley,CHXX0126

Suifenhe,CHXX0279

Suining,CHXX0127

Sunwu,CHXX0178

Tacheng,CHXX0198

Taha,CHXX0128

Tai Shan,CHXX0316

Tailai,CHXX0186

Taiyuan,CHXX0129

Tanggu,CHXX0130

Tangshan,CHXX0131

Tengchong,CHXX0369

Tiangang,CHXX0132

Tianjin,CHXX0133

Tianshui,CHXX0386

Tieling,CHXX0134

Tikanlik,CHXX0213

Tingri,CHXX0328

Tongdao,CHXX0427

Tonghe,CHXX0191

Tongliao,CHXX0282

Tulihe,CHXX0173

Tuotuohe,CHXX0331

Turpan,CHXX0207

Uliastai,CHXX0189

Urumqi,CHXX0135

Usu,CHXX0136

Wanyuan,CHXX0393

Weichang,CHXX0293

Weifang,CHXX0318

Weinan,CHXX0137

Weining,CHXX0368

Wenzhou,CHXX0462

Wudaoliang,CHXX0238

Wudu,CHXX0340

Wugang,CHXX0428

Wuhan,CHXX0138

Wuhu,CHXX0449

Wuming,CHXX0139

Wushaoling,CHXX0233

Wutai Shan,CHXX0257

Wuyishan,CHXX0467

Wuzhou,CHXX0490

Xainza,CHXX0326

Xi Ujimqin Qi,CHXX0274

Xi'an,CHXX0141

Xiamen,CHXX0140

Xiangtan,CHXX0142

Xianyang,CHXX0143

Xiao'Ergou,CHXX0176

Xiaogan,CHXX0144

Xichang,CHXX0363

Xifengzhen,CHXX0271

Xigaze,CHXX0145

Xihua,CHXX0392

Xilin Hot,CHXX0280

Xin Barag Youqi,CHXX0179

Xin'an,CHXX0146

Xingren,CHXX0430

Xingtai,CHXX0266

Xining,CHXX0236

Xinjin,CHXX0147

Xinxian,CHXX0315

Xinxiang,CHXX0148

Xinyang,CHXX0149

Xinyi,CHXX0495

Xisha Dao,CHXX0508

Xiushui,CHXX0412

Xunwu,CHXX0485

Xuwen,CHXX0150

Xuzhou,CHXX0437

Ya'An,CHXX0354

Yan An,CHXX0267

Yanchi,CHXX0263

Yangcheng,CHXX0273

Yangjiang,CHXX0500

Yangliuqing,CHXX0151

Yangquan,CHXX0152

Yanji,CHXX0291

Yanzhou,CHXX0321

Yaxian,CHXX0507

Yibin,CHXX0362

Yichang,CHXX0407

Yichuan,CHXX0153

Yidu,CHXX0154

Yilaxi,CHXX0155

Yinchuan,CHXX0259

Yingkou,CHXX0304

Yining,CHXX0203

Yiwu,CHXX0218

Yiyang,CHXX0156

Yiyuan,CHXX0317

Yong'An,CHXX0473

Yongchuan,CHXX0157

Yongning,CHXX0158

Yongshujiao,CHXX0510

Youyang,CHXX0414

Yu Xian,CHXX0258

Yuanjiang,CHXX0382

Yuanling,CHXX0415

Yuanmou,CHXX0372

Yuanping,CHXX0261

Yucheng,CHXX0159

Yuci,CHXX0160

Yueyang,CHXX0411

Yulin,CHXX0260

Yumenzhen,CHXX0224

Yuncheng,CHXX0272

Yushe,CHXX0265

Yushu,CHXX0334

Zadoi,CHXX0332

Zaoyang,CHXX0397

Zhang Ping,CHXX0474

Zhangjiakou,CHXX0300

Zhangqiu,CHXX0161

Zhangwu,CHXX0288

Zhangye,CHXX0228

Zhangzhou,CHXX0162

Zhanjiang,CHXX0163

Zhanyi,CHXX0374

Zhaotong,CHXX0364

Zhengding,CHXX0164

Zhengzhou,CHXX0165

Zhenjiang,CHXX0166

Zhijiang,CHXX0421

Zhongning,CHXX0262

Zhongxiang,CHXX0402

Zhoucun,CHXX0167

Zhumadian,CHXX0398

Zhuozhou,CHXX0168

Zibo,CHXX0169

Zunyi,CHXX0419

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In May 1951 the 17-Article Agreement on Measures for Peaceful Libera-tion of Tibet was signed by the Central People＇s Government and the Tibet lo-cal government，thus turned a new page in the history of TibetThe geological and mineral prospecting of Tibet began to embark on a brand new eraDuring the last 40 years works on geology and mineral resources of Tibet have experi-enced generally the following three stages：

（1）1951-1965

Shortly after its establishment，New China was facing the challenge of e-conomic recovery and developmentThe urgent needs of mineral resources by the socialist construction accelerated the geological and mineral prospecting at an unprecedented rateThe Central People＇S Government paid much attention to Tibet which had just shook off the yoke of serf systemThe Bureau of Geol-ogy of Tibet was set up first from 1956-1957 and then reinstituted from 1960-1963 to strengthen the geological work of the regionThe number of staff and workers had reached a maximum of 1077 in the year 1956 and of 1119 in 1960After 1963，the Bureau had been disbanded with merely one geological party preserved under the Industrial Construction Bureau of Tibet，and the number of staff and workers decreased to 508Obviously it was far from equal to the task in such a vast areaDuring this stage geological work was limited to re-connaissance survey and ore occurrence inspection by use of single methodsThe important tasks accomplished are as follows：

In March 1951，nine geologists from the geological group of the Working Party of Tibet affiliated to the Chinese

Academy of Sciences（CAS）headed by ProfLi Pu arrived in Tibet to carry out geological reconnaissance survey and mineral investigationThey started in the east from the Jinsha River，passing through Qamdo，Dengqen，Bomi，Lhasa，Xigarze to Tingri；in the south they reached the Yarlung Zangbo Riv-er；and in the north they reached Nagqu and further westward to Lunpola and the Qilin LakeThe tour lasted for 18 months，covering a distance of 18000 km，and was completed with a wealth of geological data which were later re-flected in their book“Geology of eastern Tibet and the materials of mineral in-vestigation”that enlightened further geological and mineral investigations of the region

In 1950s，the Qinghai Petroleum Prospecting Party under the Petroleum Department of the MGMR launched in the lake area of northern Tibet an oil-aiming regional geological survey scaled 1∶1 000000，covering an area of 112000 square kilometersIn 1956，a subparty was send out by the Southwest China Bureau of Geology in search for chromite in Dengqen of northeast TibetThe Xinjiang Bureau of Geology inspected coal，iron，mica and others in Ngari of western TibetIn 1955，the Geological Institute of the CAS carried out geo-logical reconnaissance survey along the Yarlung Zangbo RiverThe Coal Geol-ogy Party，the Zangbei（northern Tibet）Geological Party and the Zangnan（southern Tibet）Geological Party affiliated with the successive Bureaus of Ge-ology of Tibet launched respectively the coal-aiming geological prospecting in Tumain，Lhasa，and Zetang-Xigarze；and the boron-dominated reconnaissance of salt lakes in Baingoin，Dujiari and elsewhere in northern TibetTheir ef-forts also led to the discovery of the chromite deposit in Lhobsa of southern Ti-bet and the Jiamachikang copper-lead-zinc polymetallic deposit in Maizhukung-gar

In early 1960s，the Geological Party of Tibet inspected the ore occur-rences of iron，coal，copper，sulfur，arsenic，salt in eastern Tibet；and carried out reconnaissance surveys on polymetals and kaolin nearby Lhasa，on gold placer，mica，rock crystal in southern Tibet，and on coal and chromite of northern TibetMeanwhile，a lot of trenching and some pitting，drilling and geophysical prospecting were operated

All the above work had produced remarkable effectsThe boron deposits of Baingoin and Dujiari were exploited to a large extent in 1958-1961，making important contributions to the nation by yielding in a three years＇time a total of 196600 tons of raw boron and 27260 tons boron of concentratesThe coal field in Gela of Tumain was mined and utilized by local enterprisesThe dis-covery of Lhobsa chromite deposit provided the earliest basis for a reconnais-sance assessment of the deposit

（2）1966-1978

During this period，though inferfered by the so-called“Cultural Revolu-tion”，geological work in Tibet had not been much affectedQuite a number of significant results were achieved，and the staff was remarkably increased

In 1966-1 967，three professional contingents of chromite，coal and petroleum geology were transferred from inland China to Tibet and were reor-ganized to form the No2，No3 and No4 Geological Parties of the regionAdded with the originally preserved party，there were altogether four geologi-cal parties in TibetThe staff reached 2842 and was well equipped and coordi-natedThus the geological work of the region was significantly enhancedIn July 1972，for the third time the Tibet Bureau of Geology was re-set up to re-inforce the organization and administration of geological prospectingUp to 1978 it had eight subordinate units with a staff of 5961

The 1∶1000000 scale regional geological survey of Tibet was carried out in 1974 by a specialized party on the basis of a regular map sheet，marking a good start of the basic geological work of TibetIn the mineral prospecting field，the No2 Geological Party of Tibet had successively assessed the Dongqiao chromite deposit of Amdo in northern Tibet and the Lhobsa chromite deposit in southern Tibet，which were later provided to industrial departments and local enterprises for exploitation and have yielded remarkable economic re-turnsThe No1 Geological Party of Tibet had discovered and assessed the su-per-large Yulong porphyry copper deposit，in which the associated metallic minerals were also of commercial valueMeanwhile，in the surroundings of Yulong the party assessed successively the Malasongduo and the Duoxiasong-duo large-scale copper deposits and found 10 smail deposits and occurrences of copperAs a result，a NE-SW striking 400 km long porphyry copper belt was ascertained to have a very promising prospect of mineral resources，which was also of very important nationwide significanceAt the same time，the No1 Geological Party assessed the medium-size Kargang metasedimentary deposit in Zhag＇yab County，the medium-size Jiaduoling porphyritic deposit in Jamda County，and the small coal fields in Machala of Riwoqi County，Qigaila of Dangjue County，and in Kagong of Zhag＇yab County respectivelyThe No5 Geological Party of Tibet assessed the large Dam Qu magnesite deposit found by the Regional Geological Surveying Party in Bangyuan village of Amdo County

To meet the demands on electricity of the Lhasa City，the Comprehensive Geological Party（later the Regional Geological Surveying Party）and the Geo-physical Prospecting Party conducted successively in 1973 and 1974 geophysi-cal survey in the Yangbajain geothermal field of Damxun CountyBased on the low-resistivity anomalies the No3 Geological Party of Tibet started drilling in 1975 and found the high-temperature and high-pressure geothermal flowTo strengthen geothermal prospecting，the Tibet Bureau of Geology established the Geothermal Geological Party，which launched later an extensive geological prospecting and geothermal resources evaluation in YangbajainIn 1977，the industrial departments in Tibet began to construct power stations in Yangba-jian and step by step they increased the scope of development and the produc-tion of electricityHence the shortage of electricity of the Lhasa City has been greatly alleviated

（3）1979-1991

During this period China entered a new era of reform and opening-up and economic transformThe contingent of the Tibet Bureau of Geology experi-enced a process from development to concentrationIn 1979，the number of staff and workers reached a maximum of 6300，and the maximum drills operat-ed amounted to 1 4 per yearLater，these figures decreased year after yearBy the end of 1991 the number of staffs was 2540，half of which were Tibetans and about one third of which were professionalsThe geological parties were reduced from 8 to 7Despite of these changes the working and research level were significantly heightenedIn 1984，the 1∶1000000 scale regional geologi-cal survey was completed，which filled up the final gap in the regional geologi-cal survey on the same scale for the land area of the countryAnd，with the strong support from the State Planning Commission and under the guidance of the MGMR，through tender-inviting，several professional parties were intro-duced to Tibet to perform the extensive 1∶200000 scale regional geological survey and the 1∶200000 and 1∶500000 scale regional geochemical surveyThus the coverage of regional geological survey reached 163000 square kilome-ters，and that of regional geochemical survey—408000 square kilometersThis was an unprecedented practice in the history of geological work in Tibet in terms of scope，methodology，speed，demands and quality，and was also rare in the countryIt had led to the upgrading of the geological work and re-search level in Tibet and，consequently，resulted in the discovery of thousands of geoehemical anomalies and mineralization occurrences as well as the delin-eation of about 200 target areas of various mineral resourcesThrough follow-up for anomalies and inspections of ore occurrences，tens of important mineral deposits and prospecting bases were establishedThe books“Regional geology of Tibet”and“A summary of mineral resources of Tibet＇＇completed respec-tively in 1989 and 1991 by the Regional Geological Surveying Party summed up comprehensively for the first time the geotectonic features and mineral re-sources of Tibet，while the“Map of plate tectonics-formations of Tibet，scaled 1∶1500000”（Geological Institute of Tibet，1989）and the“Map of ophiolites and terrane structures of the Himalayas and its surroundings”（Regional Geo-logical Surveying Party of Tibet，1990）described the geological structures and evolutional characteristics of Tibet with advanced theories and viewpoints

With respect to mineral prospecting，during this period，stress was placed on chromite，gold，copper，lead-zinc，boron，geothermal resources，gem stones，etcand a number of marked achievements were obtainedAfter com-pletion of the detailed survey and exploration of the Lhobsa chromite deposit，the No2 Geological Party evaluated in 1989 a medium-size chromite deposit in the Xianggashan area located in the middle of the Lhobsa massif，which was mined later by a local enterprise and the party itselfThe No1 Geological Par-ty and the Geophysical Prospecting Party evaluated and submitted in 1982-1985 a medium-size salt deposit in Youzha of Gonjo County in eastern TibetThe No6 Geological Party evaluated in 1980 a large-size corundum deposit in Nianggui of the Qushui County and discovered in 1985 the large-scale Yincuo amethyst deposit the Baingoin CountyThe No5 Geological Party made a great breakthrough in the searching for placer goldAfter years＇efforts they found eventually a large placer gold deposit in Bungnazangbo of Xainza Coun-tyThe report was submitted in 1993Besides，the party also discovered and assessed a large boron deposit in Marmi Co of Gerze CountyThe No6 Geo-logical Party also made remarkable progress in search of copper-dominated polymetals in Jiamachikang of the Maizhokunggar County and found a very promising stibium belt on the west of Amdo，northern TibetAfter assessing the Yangbajain shallow heat reservoir in 1984，the Geothermal Geological Par-ty，in cooperation with the Geophysical Prospecting Party，completed in 1988the evaluation of the geothermal field in NagquNow a power station has been established and put into productionIn addition，the two parties also submit-ted for exploitation and utilization in 1991 an evaluation report on the high-temperature geothermal resources of YangyiIn all，this period marks an im-portant stage with magnificent progress in basic geology and mineral explo-ration of Tibet

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