一、词义广泛性不一样
1）speak
英 [spiːk] 美 [spik]
v 说话；演讲；表明；陈述
2）say
英 [seɪ] 美 [se]
1、v说， 讲；表明，宣称；假设；约莫
2、n发言权；说话；要说的话；发言权
3）talk
英 [tɔːk] 美 [tɔk]
1、vt 说；谈话；讨论
2、vi 谈话；说闲话
3、n 谈话；演讲；空谈
4）tell
英 [tel]
v 告诉，说；辨别；吩咐；断定
二、变形词不一样
1）speak
第三人称单数： speaks 现在分词： speaking 过去式： spoke 过去分词： spoken
2）say
第三人称单数： says 现在分词： saying 过去式： said 过去分词： said
3） talk
第三人称单数： talks 现在分词： talking 过去式： talked 过去分词： talked
4）tell
第三人称单数： tells 复数： tells 现在分词： telling 过去式： told 过去分词： told
三、词义辨析不一样
1）speak v 说（话），讲话
〔辨析〕用作不及物动词时，侧重指说话的动作而非内容，可指长篇演讲或三言两语的交谈，也可指简单的开口说话的能力；用作及物动词时，其宾语常为某种语言。
〔例证〕He spoke at the meeting
他在会议上发言了。
2）say v 说，讲
〔辨析〕最普通用词，指用语言表达思想，侧重于所说的具体内容，通常用作及物动词。
〔例证〕Did you finish what you wanted to say
你想说的话都说完了吗
2）talk v 说，说话，交谈
〔辨析〕普通用词，用作不及物动词时，侧重指与人交谈时的连续说话，可指单方面较长谈话，强调说话的动作而非内容
〔例证〕Human beings can talk while animals can't
人能讲话，而动物不能。
4）tell v 告诉
〔辨析〕普通用词，指直接给某人讲述或以间接的方式转述某事，有时含嘱托、命令之意，常后接双宾语或复合宾语。
〔例证〕You can tell them that I hope to be back by tomorrow night
你可以告诉他们，我希望明晚回来。
speak的用法：一般强调的是“说”、“讲”，一般都用于不及物动词，多数情况下不强调内容，只是单方面的描述说话的行为和或者运用某些语言时用到，又可指简单的发音, 但不一定有人在听所说出的话语。
如：“speak to somebody”（和某人说）、speak English（说英语）
say的用法：一般强调的是说话的内容，大多数用作及物动词。say后面可加名词，代词或that宾语从句。say的后面要加上自己想要描述的东西。
如：“I said that he was a teacher。”（我说他以前是个老师。）、“Did you say anything”（你有说了什么吗？）
say和speak的区别：say的过去式和过去分词是said，而speak的过去式和过去分词要加ed变成speaked；say有被动语态，而speak没有被动语态；speak 用来指人们对语言的掌握或者运用，也可单独用来表发言或者说话的能力，而say后门必须要接上说出的内容。
Irregular Verbs
Verb Past tense Past participle
am/is was been
are were been
babysit babysat babysat
bear bore born,borne
beat beat beaten,beat
become became become
begin began begun
break broke broken
bring brought brought
build built built
buy bought bought
can could
catch caught caught
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
do/does did done
draw drew drawn
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten,forgot
freeze froze frozen
get got gotten,got
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
hang hung,hanged hung,hanged
have/has had had
hear heard heard
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
lay laid laid
leave left left
lie lay,lied lain,lied
let let let
lose lost lost
make made made
may might
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
read read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
shall should
show showed shown,showed
sing sang sung
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
speak spoke spoken
spell spelt,spelled spelled,spelt
spend spent spent
stand stood stood
sweep swept swept
swim swam swum
take took taken
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought
wear wore worn
will would
win won won
write wrote written
按种类：
I、A----B----B式
1babysit-babysat-babysat 临时照顾
2 bring-----brought-----brought 带来
3 think-----thought----thought 思考
4 buy-------bought------bought 买
5 fight-------fought-----fought 打架，战斗
6 teach-----taught-------taught 教书
7 feel------felt------------felt 感觉
8 find------found---------found 发现
9 get-------got------------got 得到
10 hang-----hanged-------hanged 绞死
11 hang-----hung----------hung 悬挂
12 have/has-----had----------had 有
13 hear-----heard-------- heard 听见
14 hold-----held----------held 举行
15 keep-----kept----------kept 保存
16lay-------laid-----------laid 产蛋
17lie-------lied--------lied 撒谎
18 learn----learned-------learned 学会
learn-----learnt---------learnt 学会
19 leave----left------------left 离开
20 lose-----lost------------lost 丢失
21 make---made----------made 制造
22 mean---meant---------meant 意思
23 meet---met-------------met 遇见
24 pay-----paid------------paid 付款
25 say-----said------------said 说
26 sell-----sold------------sold 卖
27 tell------told-----------told 告诉
28 send----sent------------sent 派，寄
29show----showed----showed 出示，给…看
30 sit-------sat--------------sat 坐
31 sleep----slept-----------slept 入睡
32 sweep----swept----------swept 打扫
33 spend---spent-----------spent 花费
34 build-----built-----------built 修建
35 stand-----stood----------stood 站立
36 win---------won-----------won 胜、赢
37 spell--------spelt----------spelt 拼写
38 feed----------fed------------fed 喂
39 forget----------forgot--------forgot 忘记
II、A----B-----C式
1 am/is---------was------------been 是
2 are------------were------------been 是
3bear--------bore--------born/borne 出生
4 drive----------drove---------driven 驾驶
5 speak----------spoke--------spoken 说话
6break------------broke------------broken 打破
7 write----------wrote----------written 写
8 forget----------forgot--------forgotten 忘记
9get------------got------------gotten 得到
10 freeze-----------froze----------frozen 结冰
11choose----------chose------------chosen 选择
12ride-------------rode-----------ridden 骑
13 eat--------------ate------------- eaten 吃
14 give------------gave-----------given 给
15fall------------fell------------fallen 落下，跌倒
16take------------took------------taken 拿走
17lie------------lay------------lain 躺，位于
18 begin----------began----------begun 开始
19 drink-----------drank----------drunk 喝、饮
20 sing-----------sang------------sung 唱歌
21 swim----------swam----------swum 游泳
22ring------------rang------------rung 铃响
23show-------showed--------shown 出示，给…看
24 draw----------drew-----------drawn 画
25 grow---------grew-----------grown 种植
26fly------------flew------------flown 飞，放
27 know--------knew-----------known 知道
28 show--------showed-------shown 给…看
29 wear---------wore-----------worn 穿
30 do/does------------did-------------done 做
31 go-----------went------------gone 去
32see----------saw-------------seen 看见
III、A----B----A式
1 come--------came-----------come 来
2 become-----became--------become 变成
3 run----------ran--------------run 跑
IV、A----A-----A式
1 let-----------let--------------let 让
2 put----------put-------------put 放
3 read--------read------------read 读书
4 cut--------cut-----------cut 切，砍
5 beat--------beat------------beat 打败
6cost-------cost------------cost 花钱，价值
V、A-----A-----B式
1 beat---------beat-----------beaten 打败
VI、A-B式(只有过去式)
1 can----------could 能
2 may-------might 可以
3 shall--------should 将
4 will---------would 将
5 must---------must 必须
初中英语常用不规则动词分类表
（人教版）
为了帮助同学们记住不规则动词，现在把教材中出现的不规则动词分为几个类型，每个类型中又分若干组，尽量找出每组中各词变化形式的共同点，以帮助记忆。
1 A---A---A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形）
动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 割，切
hit hit hit 打
let let let 让
put put put 放下
read read read 读
hurt hurt hurt 伤
2 A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）
beat beat beaten 打
3 A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）
come came come 来
become became become 变
run ran run 跑
4 A ---B ---B型
（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
burn burnt burnt 燃烧
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习
mean meant meant 意思
hear heard heard 听见
（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。
build built built 建筑
lend lent lent 借给
lose lost lost 失去
send sent sent 送
spend spent spent 花费
（3）其他
pay paid paid 付
lay laid laid 下蛋
say said said 说
bring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought 买
think thought thought 想
sleep slept slept 睡
keep kept kept 保持
sweep swept swept 扫
stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood 明白
win won won 得胜
shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光
catch caught caught 抓住
teach taught taught 教
feel felt felt 觉得
fight fought fought 战斗
find found found 发现
get got got 得到
hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，挂
have had had 有
hold held held 盛，握
leave left left 离开
make made made 制造
meet met met 遇见
sell sold sold 卖
shoot shot shot 射击
tell told told 告诉
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻
sit sat sat 坐
dig dug dug 挖
5 A---B---C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）
（1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下
steal stole stolen 偷
give gave given 给
freeze froze frozen 冻结
take took taken 拿
see saw seen 看见
write wrote written 写
ride rode ridden 骑
drive drove driven 驾驶
throw threw thrown 抛，扔
blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生长
know knew known 知道
fly flew flown 飞
draw drew drawn 拉，绘画
show showed shown 展示
（2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。
speak spoke spoken 说话
break broke broken 破碎，折断
wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒
choose chose chosen 选择
forget forgot forgotten 忘记
（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。
begin began begun 开始
ring rang rung 按铃
sing sang sung 唱
sink sank sunk 沉
swim swam swum 游泳
drink drank drunk 饮
（4）其他不规则动词的变化。
be(am, is) was/ were been 是
be(are) were been 是
do did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺
wear wore worn 穿
够用的了
say 是动词“说”的意思，没有其对应的形容词。只有过去式said，过去分词said，以及现在分词saying。saying也可以用作名词，是“谚语”的意思。
如果楼主要表示“话多的，啰嗦的”可以用wordy，如果要表示“沉默的，话少的”，可以用wordless。这两个都是形容词，但词根是word，名词“话语” 的意思。
公益慈善翻译团真诚为您解答！
say 英[seɪ] 美[se]
vi 说， 讲; 表明，宣称; 假设; 约莫;
vt 表明; 念; 说明; 比方说;
n 发言权; 说话; 要说的话; 发言权;
[例句]If you've got something to say it's got to be lodged in their brains at the end
如果你有话要说，那就要让他们最终将这些话牢记于心。
[其他] 第三人称单数：says 现在分词：saying 过去式：said 过去分词：said
go,keep,leave,know,make,may,say,see,send的过去分词
go-gone
keep-kept
leave-left
know-known
make-made
may-貌似没有过分分词，过去式是might
say-said
see-seen
send-sent
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