短元音音标有哪些

短元音音标有7个，分别是：[i]、[ə]、[ɔ]、[u]、[ʌ]、[e]、[æ]。

长元音有5个，分别是：[i:]、[ε:]、[a:]、[ɔ:]、[u:]。

从表面上看，英语中的长元音与短元音的区别仅在于长音符号“：”，除此外几无差异，实际上却非这么简单。念长元音时，一定要注意音的长度。学长元音时的通病是，念的长度不够，甚至念得和短元音一样。例如：

把 seat 〔 si：t 〕（座位）念成 sit[sit] （坐）。

把 sheep[ ғi:p] （绵羊）念成 ship 〔 ғip 〕（轮船）。

辅音

（注：多数辅音的读音与拼音差别不大，可以通过拼音来进行谐音；还有一部分辅音没有对应的拼音字体，这里我们主要是针对/θ ð ʃ ʒ/这四个辅音）其中，/θ/和/ð/这两个音标，它们并没有相近似的拼音来对应，主要是靠嘴形来记忆。

/θ/――上下牙齿咬着舌头尖，发“斯"的音；/ð/――舌头顶上牙堂发拼音z一声；/ʃ/――师；/ʒ/――牙齿闭合，舌头虚碰牙齿发拼音r一声。

bee 蜜蜂 , see 看见 ,tea 茶,he 他,these 这些

ask 问 ,far远的,half 一半,aunt 阿姨,class 班,课

door门,short 短的,ball 球,draw 画画,talk 交谈

moon 月亮,room 房间,blue 蓝色的,ruler 尺子,do 做

shirt 衬衫,her 她,word 字,词,nurse 护士,third 第三

以上都是带有长元音的单词

关于语音的几个概念

1) 字母：语言的书写形式元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,

2) 音标：词的语音形式

3) 音素：音的最小的单位英语中有48音素

4) 音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand

5) 元音：发音响亮,是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音英语中有20元音

6) 辅音：发音不响亮,是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音英语中有28辅音

7) 开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike home due; b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi

8) 闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it

9) 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节

2 元音：(注意：下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标)

1) [i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling

2) [i] sit, build, miss, myth

3) [e] bed, desk, head,

4) [ ] bad, land, bank, stamp

5) [a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt

6) [ ] hot, want

7) [ ] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught

8) [u:] good, who, blue, soup,

9) [u] look, put, women, could

10) [ ] cup, come, blood, rough

11) [ ] girl, work, serve, nurse

12) [ ] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday

13) [ei] cake, they, play, eight, great,

14) [ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye

15) [ ] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow

16) [au] house, town

17) [ ] boy, oil

18) [ ] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,

19) [ ] pear, care, there, fair

20) [ ] tour, poor,

3 容易混淆的元音

1) [e] [] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land

2) [i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid

3) [e] [AI] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide

4) [au] [ ] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause

5) [au] [ ] found fond; gown gone; down don

4 辅音

1) [p] pen,

2) [b] bed, comb

3) [t] tell,

4) [d], day, played, wanted

5) [k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box

6) [g] big, go, guess, language

7) [m] man

8) [n] nine, knife, autumn

9) [ ] bank, uncle, English, sing,

10) [l] land, world

11) [r] read, write,

12) [f] five, cough, laugh

13) [v] voice, of

14) [ ] think,

15) [ ] this, bathe

16) [s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf

17) [z] zoo, close,

18) [ ] sure, she, social, nation

19) [ ] pleasure,

20) [h] hot, who, hour

21) [w] wall, what, answer

22) [j] yes

23) [ ] child, teach, catch

24) [ ] joke, bridge,

25) [ts] boats

26) [dz] goods

27) [tr] tree

28) [dr] dream

5 容易混淆的辅音

1) [v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well

2) [s] [ ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math

3) [z] [ ] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes

4) [n] [ ] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang

6 读音规则

1) 重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)

2) 非重读音节 [ ] banana, student, today, after, [i] orange, secret, evening, very, Monday

7 特殊读音

1）音的连读：前面的词以元辅音结尾,后面的单词以元音开头,这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读例如：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all after all

2）失去爆破：辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等,前面的辅音要失去爆破例如：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme

3）音的同化：两个特殊的音碰到一起,会发出变异成特殊的音例如：Would you do it I am glad to meet you Can't you see it last year, this year,

8 重音

1)单词重音

A)双音节词

a)一般在第一个音节重读letter, sorry

b)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss, im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late

c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上,其它的词性在第二个音节上'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent

d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词,有两个重音'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war

B)多音节词

a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy

b)有一些双音节词,加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原来词根的重音读音'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment,

c)词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词,重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective

d)词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而且有一个次重音enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette

2)句子重音

A) 英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重

B) 英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的,而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的

C) 实词重读（副词重读）,虚词轻读(冠词,单音节介词,单音节连词,人称代词,反代词,物主代词,关系代词,相互代词,助动词,情态动词和系动词be

D) 实词不重读的特殊情况

a) 实词第二次出现 He thinks of that as a child thinks

b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰 I met her in the railway station

c) 代替词 Which book do you want The small one

d) 感叹词中的 what 和how What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!

e) street 在专有名词中 Wangfujing Street

f)this在这些短语中,this morning/afternoon/evening

E)虚词重读的特殊情况

a) 情态动词,助动词和系动词be在句首,句尾和否定时Do you like it Yes, I do Are you a doctor Yes, I am Can you help me Yes, I can I don't like you He isn't a worker

b) 情态动词表示可能,惊奇和肯定时They may come this evening Can it be five already He must be in the room

c) 介词在句首和句尾In the box, he found a letter He is the person I talked with

d) 引导复合句的连词在句首If you wish, I'll visit you When he comes, I'll tell him

e)反身代词表示强调He couldn't come himself

我只知道单元音：/a；/ /i；/ /e/ /u；/ /|/ /i/ /u/

双元音： /ei/ /ai/ /Eu/ /au/ /Ci/ /iE/ /XE/ /uE/

长元音： /i:/ /C:/ /E:/ /u:/ /A:/

后元音： 前元音 /i:/ /i/ /e/ /Z/

中元音：/E:/ /E/

后元音：/A:/ /C/ /C:/ /u/ /u:/ /V/

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