动词不定式的结构如下：
一、不定式的基本形式: to＋动词原形,有时可以省略to
二、动词不定式的特点:
（1）没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语
（2）动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语动词不定式同它的宾语或状语可构成动词不定式短语如: to read a book; to sing at the party
（3）动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语
三、动词不定式作宾语即不定式直接跟在谓语动词后,是谓语动词涉及的直接对象如果没有这个不定式,这个句子的意思就让人难以理解 能直接带不定式作宾语的及物动词主要有: want, like , love , need , try , ask , learn , begin , start 。
forget , remember, hope , wish , agree, choose , fail , refuse , decide , afford , offer , make sure , take turns , would like , plan , hate , try one’s best 等
四、动词不定式作宾语补足语 能用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有: ask , tell , get , order , would like , want , teach , show , allow , encourage , warn , wish , invite ,help等
五、动词不定式作状语: 即不定式直接跟在谓语动词后,仅对谓语动词起一个补充说明的作用如果没有它,句子仍然意思完整,它不象作宾语那样,与谓语动词有着密切的关系
特殊疑问句：询问其语句中所缺失的部分，或者说，是要求得到暂时不知道的信息：什么，哪里，怎么样，多少，等等。
特殊疑问句是提问实质内容的（要求得到有实质内容回答的，而不简单的回答是否）。特殊疑问词，就是用来代替句子中缺失的东西——你要询问的东西的。
What ＋ is it？ Who ＋ is your teacher 从这里也看到了，不管从语法角度，还是实际理解角度，如果单是后面的一般疑问句，它是不完整的。
特殊疑问句结构是：疑问词+ 一般疑问句+-----？ 疑问代词 +一般疑问句+？ 除who以外的疑问代词短语 疑问副词
如：What do you want（你要什么？）/ Who(m) are you looking for （你在找谁？）/ Whose magazine is this（这是谁的杂志？）/Which class are you in（你在哪班？）/ When did you get up this morning（你今早什么时候起身的？）
Where have you been（你到哪儿去了？）/ Why did he go to bed so early（他为什么这么早睡觉？）/ How did you go there（你是怎么去的那儿？）
非重点，可以省略：但是,“who”引出的询问主语或主语部分相关词的特殊疑问句的结构与陈述句词序相同：
如：Who is dancing over there（谁在那边跳舞？），Who dances best in your class 班级里谁跳舞最好？ 有时“what”,“which”,“whose”也可以引出与陈述句词序相同的特殊疑问句。
如：What is on the wall（什么东西在墙上？/墙上有什么？）/ Which is yours（哪个是你的？）/ Whose book is in your bag（谁的书在你的书包里？）（谓语动词是be时）
分类: 教育/科学 >> 外语学习
问题描述:
我对动词不定式不是很清楚所以请大家帮帮忙啊！！！！！
解析:
解读动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语、状语
在中学教科书中，动词不定式是一个非常重要的语法点；在历年高考中，动词不定式是频频考查的要点之一；在学生的学习实践中，动词不定式是琐碎、难学的语法项目之一。为了更熟练、准确、有针对性地掌握此项语法知识，下面把(N)MET对动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语及状语的考查点进行总结、归纳。
I 不定式作主语
1 不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。例如：
It is good to help others帮助他人是件好事。
It is exciting to surf the Inter上网是件令人兴奋的事。
2 不定式作主语与V-ing形式作主语的不同：前者作主语时，常表示某一次具体的动作；而后者常表示习惯性的动作。例如：
To teach the three children is my job this afternoon 教这三个孩子是今天下午我的工作。
Walking is a good form of exercise 散步是锻炼的一种好方式。
简析: It's of to do sth与It's for to do sth
当表语形容词说明不定式的逻辑主语具有某种品质时,常用"It'sof to do sth"。例如：
It's very kind / nice of you to help me。感谢你的帮助。
当表语形容词说明不定式具有某种特征时，应使用 "It's for to do sth"。例如：
It's hard for the Chinese students to learn Russian 中国学生学俄语是很难的。
[高考题例]
1 Is ________ necessary to plete the design before National Day
A this B that C it D he
2 It was foolish ________ you to give up what you rightly owned
A for B of C about D from
II 不定式作宾语
1 学习不定式作宾语时，要注意掌握四种动词：
1) 后接不定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有： offer, decide, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。
2) 后接V-ing形式作宾语的动词。常见动词有： enjoy, mind, suggest, advise, finish, practise, imagine, admit, avoid, delay等。
3)后接不定式和V-ing形式作宾语均可，且没有大的区别的动词。常见动词有： start, begin, continue等。
4)后接不定式和V-ing形式作宾语均可，但意思不同的动词。常见动词及短语有:try, remember, fet, regret, stop, go on等。例如：
Please remember to lock the door when you go out 出去时请记住要锁门。
I don't remember lending you any money 我不记得借过钱给你。
I regret saying what I said I shouldn't have said it 我后悔我所说过的话，我本不该说那些话。
I regret to tell you that you failed your driving test 我很遗憾地告诉你，你没有通过驾驶测试。
The minister went on talking for o hours 部长的讲话持续了两个小时。
After discussing the economy, the minister then went on to talk about foreign policy 讨论完经济，部长接着谈论外交政策。
2 动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，要先用it作形式宾语，而将该不定式后置。例如：
I don't think it right to do it in that way我觉得以那种方式去做是不恰当的。
I find it hard to get along with him 我发现与他相处不是件容易的事。
3 "疑问代词、疑问副词 + 不定式"常常用作动词或介词的宾语。例如：
I don't know where to spend my holiday 我不知该去哪儿度假。
Have you decided when to marry你决定什么时候结婚了吗？
[高考题例]
3 She pretended ________ me when I passed by
A not to see B not seeing C to not see D having not seen
4 Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening
A to be taken B to take C being taken D taking
5 -I usually go there by train
-Why not ________ by boat for a change
A to try going B trying to go C to try and go D try going
6 -Was the test difficult
-Not at all We found ________
A it very easy for doing
B very easy to do it
C it very easy to do
D it very easy to do it
7 -Do you know Mr Smith
-Yes He's a strange man We found ________ difficult to work with him
A us B it C him D you
8 I don't think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work
A this B that C its D it
9 Last summer I took a course on ________
A how to make dresses
B how dresses be made
C how to be made dresses
D how dresses to be made
10 It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________
A it what to do with
B what to do it with
C what to do with it
D to do what with it
III 不定式作定语
不定式作定语时，应注意使用不定式的正确形式。请看下列句子：
I have a lot of work to do today 我今天有很多工作要(自己)做。
I have a lot of work to be done today 我今天有很多工作要(别人)做。
Do you have anything to take to your son 你有什么东西要(自己)带给你儿子吗？
Do you have anything to be taken to your son 你有什么东西(让别人)带给你儿子吗？
简析：当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语而不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。
IV 不定式作状语
1 不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不定式作状语时，要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。
[高考题例]
11 To be a great scientist, ________
A maths is very important
B maths is more important than other subjects
C one must understand maths
D maths is important to be understood
2 "主语+系动词+形容词+ to do sth"句式中，当形容词说明主语具有某种特征时，不定式不使用被动式。例如：
The naughty boy is hard to deal with那个顽皮的男孩很难对付。
[高考题例]
12 Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job
A so not as to B so as not to C so as to not D not so as to
Key:
1-5 CBAAD 6-10 CBDAC 11-12 CB
不定式简单地说就是：to+动词原形。因为动词是原形，没有被限定，所以叫不定式。
否定形式，顾名思义啊，在to前面加not就可以。
给你举个例子：She asks him to play outside "to play"就是不定式
She asks him not to play outside "not to play"就是不定式的否定形式
当然真要深究你随便搜下资料就一大堆。
一 不定式的体
1不定式的一般式(to do)表示不定式的动作将要发生或与谓语动作同时发生
2 不定式的进行体(to be doing)表示不定式的动作正在发生
不定式的完成体(to have done)表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生
二 不定式的逻辑主语
1 不定式的逻辑主语常不出现在句中
2 句子的主语,宾语有时是不定式的逻辑主语
3 不定式前"for+名词/代词"结构中的名词或代词也可以用来表示不定式的;逻辑主语
4 在"It+be+形容词+of+名词/代词+to do"结构中,名词或代词为不定式的逻辑主语该结构中的形容词通常用来表示人的品质例如:kind,good,nice,bad,cruel,honest,bold,thoughtful,right,wrong,wise,clever,silly,foolish,careless,rude等
例如:It's very kind of you to cal to tell me about the conference
三 不定式的否定式
不定式否定式由not/never +to do构成
四 不定式的句法功能
1 不定式做主语
1)To say something is one thing; to do it is another
2)It is not a good idea to build houses along the lines where two of the earth's plates join together
注:充当主语的不定式即可置于句首,位于谓语动词之前,也可作为句子的真正主语置于句末,用作形式主语
2 不定式作表语
3)Her uncle seems to be acting rather strangely towards her these days
4)The purpose of the fence is to keep out a type of wild dog called a "Dingo"
5)One suggested answer is for farmers to limit the number of their cattle
注:充当表语的不定式一般位于be ,seem等系动词后
3 不定式作宾语
6)Shylock agreed to lend Antonio money on one condition
注:充当宾语的不定式位于及物动词后常用不定式作宾语的动词有:agree,plan,determine,dare,refuse,hope,wish,expect,promise,choose,pretend,decide,manage,intend,offer,afford,demand
7)The dusty air makes it difficult to get a clear picture of space
注:充当宾语的不定式如果有自己的表语,则可用代替只个不定式作为形式宾语,而作为真正宾语的不定式则放在表语之后以it作为形式宾语的这种结构常用在think,feel,find,make,consider等动词之后
big and strong
4 不定式作宾语补足语
8)The powder made from fish,blood and bones will make the cabbage plants grow big and strong
9)Portia told Bassanio to go to his friend at once
注:在下列动词后作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to这些动词是observe,notice,see,hear,watch,have,feel,make,let但上述动词转换为被动语态时,其后的不定式须带to例如:The cabbage plants will be made to grow
不定式
不定式的定义
不定式是英语动词的一种形式。它在许多情况下可省略"to"它不同于汉语动词，汉语动词只有一种形式。如：我看书。她看书。但英语要说“看”必须根据主语的人称，动作发生的时间等确定其形式。如：1）I read a book 2）She reads a book1）句中的“read”
是一般现在时第一人称的动词定式。2）句中的“reads”是一般现在时第三人称单数的动词定式。
I want to read a book/She wants to read a book
我想要看书。她想要看书。其中的“看”不易确定其形式。因为动作还未发生，因此称不定式。通俗的说，就是“不一定是什么形式”
动词不定式的用法
一：不定式作宾语
1) 动词+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
举例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question
我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2）动词+不定式 ； 动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
I want to speak to Tom 我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom 我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3） 动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that 请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。
The question is how to put it into practice
问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
二：不定式作宾语
1) 动词+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
举例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question
我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2）动词+不定式 ； 动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
I want to speak to Tom 我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom 我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3） 动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that 请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。
The question is how to put it into practice
问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
三：不定式作补语
1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
例句：
a Father will not allow us to play on the street
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
b We believe him to be guilty
我们相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法：
Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。
I found him lying on the ground
I found it important to learn
I found that to learn English is important
典型例题:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead
A lying B lie C lay D laying
答案：Afind的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class
我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
典型例题
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer
A to invent B inventing C to have invented D having invented
答案：A 由consider to dosth 排除B、D。 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。
3) to be +形容词
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting
人们认为这本书没什么意思。
4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn't expect there to be so many people there我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。
注意 ： 有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider
We regard Tom as our best teacher 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
Mary took him as her father 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
四：不定式主语
1） It's easy (for me) to do that我做这事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It's so nice to hear your voice
听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it
当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
2) It's very kind of you to help us 他帮助我们，他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。
注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。
3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型
(对)To see is to believe 百闻不如一见。
(错)It is to believe to see
五：不定式作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day
His dream is to be a doctor
六：不定式作定语
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：
I have a lot of work to do
So he made some candles to give light
七： 不定式作状语
1）目的状语
To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I come here only to say good-bye to you 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry
He searched the room only to find nothing
3) 表原因
I'm glad to see you
典型例题
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___
A sit B sit on C be seat D be sat on
答案：B 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。
八：省to 的动词不定式
1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：
2） 使役动词 let, have, make：
3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。
注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。
I saw him dance
=He was seen to dance
The boss made them work the whole night
=They were made to work the whole night
4） would rather，had better：
5） Why… / why not…：
6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：
7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。
8） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：
9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：
He is supposed (to be) nice 他应该是个好人。
举例：
He wants to move to France and marry the girl
He wants to do nothing but go out
比较： He wants to do nothing but go out
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine
典型例题
1) ---- I usually go there by train
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change
A to try going B trying to go C to try and go D try going
答案：D why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。
2） Paul doesn't have to be made ___ He always works hard
A learn B to learn C learned D learning
答案：B make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。
九： 动词不定式的否定式
Tell him not to shut the window…
She pretended not to see me when I passed by 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。
典型例题
1）Tell him ___ the window
A to shut not B not to shut C to not shut
D not shut
答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth
2) She pretended ___ me when I passed by
A not to see B not seeing C to not see
D having not seen
答案：A。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth。
3）Mrs Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking
A never to drive B to never driver
C never driving D never drive
答案：A。warn sb to do sth 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth 此处用的是否定词never
4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____
A not to B not to do C not do it
D do not to
答案：A。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此B，D不对。
5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation
A to eat no B eating not C not to eat
D not eating
答案：C。warn一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为be warned not to do。
十： 不定式的特殊句型too…to…
1）too…to 太…以至于…
He is too excited to speak
他太激动了，说不出话来。
---- Can I help you 需要我帮忙吗
---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。
2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为"不太"。
It's never too late to mend (谚语)
改过不嫌晚。
3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。
I'm only too pleased to be able to help you 我非常高兴能帮助你。
He was but too eager to get home 他非常想回家。
十一： 不定式的特殊句型1：so as to
1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。
Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job
汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。
Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby
轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。
2) so kind as to ---劳驾
Would you be so kind as to tell me the time
劳驾，现在几点了。
不定式的特殊句型2：Why not
"Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……" "干吗不……"
例如：
Why not take a holiday
干吗不去度假
十二： 不定式的时态和语态
时态\语态 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing
1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this
I hope to see you again = I hope that I'll see you again 我希望再见到你。
2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble
He seems to have caught a cold
3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something
4) 完成进行时：
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years
十三：注意
1：动名词与不定式
1） 动名词与不定式的区别：
动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的
不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的
2） 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。
3） 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：
1 stop to do stop doing
2 forget to do forget doing
3 remember to do remember doing
4 regret to do regret doing
5 cease to do cease doing
6 try to do try doing
7 go on to do go on doing
8 afraid to do afraid doing
9 interested to do interested doing
10 mean to do mean doing
11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing
2：注意区别用作介词的to
to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形； 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：
admit to承认， confess to承认，
be accustomed to 习惯于， be used to 习惯于， stick to 坚持， turn to开始，着手于， devote oneself to 献身于， be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望， pay attention to 注意
1
不定式定义:由to＋动词原形构成。
不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，可分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。
2用途：
在句中不能作谓语。它具有动词的性质，本身可以带宾语和状语。
动词不定式
1定义：动词
+
不定式
2用途：
动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
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