as for
1)用以转换话题:在有前文的情况下as for总是出现在下文的句首,用来引出另外一方或者新的谈话内容,但与前文内容也有一定的联系,起到补充前文又突出后文的作用,使之与前文形成对照,译作“至于”。例如:
①You van have a bed;as for him,he'll have to sleep on the floor.
②Much pasture land is underwater;and as for the grain, most of that has been ruined.
2)用以表现态度:as for还可以用来表示讲话人对某人或某物持有“轻蔑”或“冷淡”的态度,甚至有憎恶之感,讲话时要重读引出的词语并在其后稍作停顿,以示强调,口气上带有嘲讽意味,译作汉语的“至于……嘛”。例如:
①As for you,I never want to see you here in my home again.
②As for his songs,I suppose you've read the sarcastic reviews !
as和for都有“因为”的意思但是as比for的语气弱as用来表示显而易见的原因,而for却有一种解释说明的语气
例:as it is raining,we have to call of the meeting
please forgive him,for he is only 13 years old
for ,because,as,since这四个词作为连词,都有"因为"的意思,但它们在用法上有区别:
because 是从属连词,接表示直接原因的从句,一般放在主句的后面,也可放在主句前面,它表示的语气最强,在回答why的问句时,必须用because
例如:The swimming pool won't be open today because they're making repairs
游泳池今天不开放,因为他们在修理
Why did you move to France
你们为什么搬到法国
Because my father found work in Paris
因为我父亲在巴黎找到了工作
注意:在英语中用了because后,不可再用so
as 是从属连词,说明一般的因果关系,语气比because弱,说明比较明显的原因,它引导的从句通常放在句首,有时也可放在句末
例如:As it is raining, you\'d better take a taxi
天下雨了,你最好乘出租车
since 意为"既然",表示对方已知的无需加以说明的原因或事实,语气比because弱,但是比as 强
例如:Since we have no money, we can't buy that vase
既然我们没钱,我们就不能买那花瓶
Since everybody is here, let's begin our party
既然大家都到了,那就开始我们的聚会吧!
for 是并列连词,用来附带解释说明前一分句的原因或理由,for引导的并列句,一般放在所要说明的句子的后面
例如:I went to see him, for I had something to tell him
我去见他,因为我有事要告诉他
as for 后面接可数,不可数名词都行, 关键是后面这个名词本身该用什么形式
比如 character 在这里是作“性格”讲, 而作性格讲时是抽象名词, 不可数, 所以不加s
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as for (至于,就„„方面说)和 as to (至于;关于)这两个复合介词在含义上相当接近,但在用法上差别很多。下面谈它们的这些差别。
1.as for
1)用以转换话题:在有前文的情况下as for总是出现在下文的句首,用来引出另外一方或者新的谈话内容,但与前文内容也有一定的联系,起到补充前文又突出后文的作用,使之与前文形成对照,译作“至于”。
例如: ①You can have a bed;as for him,he'll have to sleep on the floor. ②Much pasture land is underwater;and as for the grain, most of that has been ruined.
2)用以表现态度:as for还可以用来表示讲话人对某人或某物持有“轻蔑”或“冷淡”的态度,甚至有憎恶之感,讲话时要重读引出的词语并在其后稍作停顿,以示强调,口气上带有嘲讽意味,译作汉语的“至于„„嘛”。
例如: ①As for you,I never want to see you here in my home again.
②As for his songs,I suppose you've read the sarcastic reviews !
2.as to
1)表示涉及某点:as to常放于句中,表示“关于„„方面”、“有关„„之事”,但为了突出要提及的人或事之时,也可将as to置于句首,以示强调。但只涉及内容,而不涉及讲话人的态度。例如:
①His wife,an old teacher,has n0 complaint as to salary.
②As to your ability to overfulfil the target,I never had the slightest doubt.
2)用以重提旧事:as to引出的内容都是前文曾经提到过的或者谈话对方都有所了解的,表示“说到”之义。,例如:
①As to doing that,I haven't decided yet.
②As to the question you raised in your last letter,I think that it is unanswerable.
3)用于提出问题:as to必须位于句中,前面出现的大都是表达某种心理活动的动词,形容词或名词,其后引接出wh-clause或who-to-v结构,表示“在„„的问题上”、“就„„问题来讲”,所引出的问题都有很强的针对性。但有人认为这里的罄to显得多余,去之亦通。所以,有时也不必译出。例如:
①There is some doubt as to whether the proposal is practicable.
②I enquired of the clerk as to which documents were needed.
4.引出做事的依据:as to还有“按照”、“根据”的含义,而as for则无此义。
例如: ①The shoes are correctly placed on the shelf as to size and colour. ②The items on the agenda are listed as to order of importance.
综上所述,as for 和 as to在确切含义的表达和具体用法上都是有很大差别的,不能将二者混为一谈。
在英语中表示“就„„而论”“有关”或“至于”含义的词语颇多,其中 as to 和 as for 亦表此义,但二者用法不尽相同。
as to 的功能类似于 with regard to, regarding, on the matter of, concerning 等,常用于相当正式的语境中,尤其用于争论和做出决定时。可放于句首或与 wh- 疑问词引导的动词不定式和名词性从句连用(有时可省略),而 as for 无此种用法。
例如: As to the journey, we must decide about that later 至于旅行,我们必须以后再作决定。
As to the flood, I have heard nothing 至于那次水灾,我没听到什么。
Nobody could decide ( as to ) what to do
谁也不能决定该做些什么。
He is very uncertain as to whether it's the right job for him
关于他究竟是否适合做这项工作,他实在拿不准。
A question arose as to who should be the monitor 关于谁当班长的问题出现了矛盾。
I want to find out as to whom this bicycle belongs to 我要打听出来这辆自行车是谁的。
as to 有时用于表示 according to 的含义。
例如: They sorted the eggs as to size and color 他们按照大小和颜色将鸡蛋进行分类。
as for 和 as to 都可用于句首,引出一个与前一个话题稍微有些不同的话题,但 as for 在语体上不如 as to 正式,并且着重话题的转换,也就是说,它所引导的是前面尚未提到过的新的事情,因此它不能用于文章的开头。
另外, as for 有时表达轻蔑的语气。
例如: We had a delightful weekend in the country As for the traffic, we had no difficulty 在乡下我们度过了一个愉快的周末。至于交通,我们没有遇到任何困难。
Much pasture land is under water; as for the grain, most of that has been ruined
大部分的牧场都进了水,至于谷物,则大部分都被冲毁了。
You can have a bed; as for him, he'll have to sleep on the floor
有一张床给你,至于他,就只能睡在地板上了。
As for him, I know nothing
至于他,我一点也不了解。
As for this subject, I couldn't remember 至于这个题目,我记不起来了。
As for you, I never want to see you here again 至于你,我永远也不愿在此见到你。
as if用法
一、as if 在从句中的作用
1、在look, seem等系动词后引导表语从句
eg: She looks as if she were ten years younger 她看起来好像年轻了十岁。
It seems as if our team is going to win 看起来我们队要胜了。
2、引导方式状语从句
eg: She loves the boy as if she were his mother 她爱这个男孩,就好像她是他的母亲。
The child talked to us as if he were a grow-up 那个孩子跟我们谈起话来,像个成年人似的。
二、as if 用于省略句中
如果as if引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构,可以省略主语和系动词,这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
eg: He acts as if (he was) a fool 他做事像个傻子。 Tom raised his hands as if (he was going) to say something Tom举起手好像要说什么。
She left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry 她匆忙离开房间好像生气的样子。
三、as if 从句的语气及时态
1、as if 从句用于陈述句
当说话者认为句子所述的是真是的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。
eg: It sounds as if it raining听起来像是在下雨。
He talks as if he is drunk从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。
2、as if 从句用于虚拟语气
当说话人认为句子所述的不真实或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下:
(1)如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去式。
eg: You look as if you didn’t care你看起来好像并不在乎。
He talks as if he knew where she was 他说话的样子,好像他知道她在哪里似的。
(2)如果从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。
eg: He talks about Rome as if he had been there before
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。
The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone
那个女孩倾听着,一动也不动,好像已经变成了石头似的。
(3)如果从句表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“would/could might+动词原形”。
eg: He opened his mouth as if he would say something 他张开嘴好像要说什么。
It looks as if it might snow看起来好像要下雪了。
(4)as if 后面可以接陈述语气和虚拟语气。如果句子陈述的情况是真实的,那么只要保持时态一致即可;如果后面接的并非真实情况,则要按照虚拟语气的规则把句子形式改变(简单说就是事态倒退原则)。
eg: It seems as if it is raining outside
外面看起来像是下雨了。(确实是下雨了)
It seems as if it was raining outside
外面看起来像是下雨了一样。(虚拟语气。像,但没有下雨)
慢慢积累 您就会很容易区分了
加油哦
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