birth 是名词,表示出生
它的动词原型是bear过去时是born 固定词组是sb be born
burn 本身就是原型,表示燃烧,其过去时是burned
5 动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种
1) 规则变化
情况 例词 读音与说明
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
一般在动词原形后加-ed look
call
open
need looked
called
opened
needed looked [lukt]
called [kC:ld]
opened [5EupEnd]
needed [ni:did] ①-ed在清辅音音素后
发音为〔t〕,在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕,在元音后发音也为[d]
②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕
后发音为[id]
③但fix的过去式和过去
分词x不双写,为fixed
以-e结尾的动词加-d move
phone
hope
agree moved
phoned
hoped
agreed moved [mu:vd]
phoned [fEund]
hoped [hEupt]
agreed [E5^ri:d]
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,
再加-ed study
carry
try studied
studied
carried studied [5stQdid]
carried [5kArid]
tried [traid]
以原音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-ed play
enjoy
stay played
enjoyed
stayed played [pleid]
enjoyed [in5dVCid]
stayed [steid]
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stop
plan
fit stopped
planned
fitted stopped [stCpt]
planned [plAnd]
fitted [5fitid]
以-r音节结尾的词,双写r字母,
再加-ed prefer
refer preferred
referred preferred [prI`f:d]
referred [ri5fE:]
2) 不规则变化
英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况
1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形
例:
原形 过去式 过去分词
cut(切)
hit(打)
cast(扔)
hurt(伤害)
put(放)
let(让)
shut(关)
cost(花费)
set(放)
rid(清除) cut
hit
cast
hurt
put
let
shut
cost
set
rid cut
hit
cast
hurt
put
let
shut
cost
set
rid
2.过去式与过去分词完全同形
例:
原形 过去式 过去分词
find(找到)
pay(支付)
leave(离开)
lend(借出)
meet(遇见)
keep(保持)
lose(丢失)
teach(教)
sit(坐)
lead(引导)
win(赢)除) found
paid
left
lent
met
kept
lost
taught
sat
led
won found
paid
left
lent
met
kept
lost
taught
sat
led
won
3.动词原形与过去分词同形
例:
原形 过去式 过去分词
come(来)
run(跑)
become(成为) came
ran
became come
run
become
4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同
例:
原形 过去式 过去分词
give(给)
fly(飞)
drink(喝)
see(看见)
go(去)
know(知道)
wear(穿)
speak(说) gave
flew
drank
saw
went
knew
wore
spoke given
flown
drunk
seen
gone
known
worn
spoken
5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式
例:
原形 过去式 过去分词
burn(燃烧) burned
burnt burned
burnt
learn(学习) learned
learnt learned
learnt
smell(闻) smelled
smelt smelled
smelt
spell (拼写) spelled
spelt spelled
spelt
shine (照射) shined
shone shined
shone
leap (跳) leaped
leapt leaped
leapt
提示
abeat的过去式与原形同形:
比:beat(打击) beat(过去式) beaten(过去分词)
blie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
比:lie lied,lied(说谎)
lay,lain(躺,位于)
chang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
比:hang hanged,hanged(处绞刑)
hung,hung(挂,吊)
dwelcome(欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词
比:welcome welcomed,welcomed(正)
welcome,welcome(误)
e不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词
比:hit(打) hit,hit(正)
hitted,hitted(误)
6 现在分词的变化规则
规则 动词原形 现在分词及发音
一般在动词原形词尾加-ing,-ing发音为 [iN] go
push
play
carry going [5^EuiN]
pushing [5puFiN]
playing [pleiiN]
carrying [5kAriiN]
以不发音的e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing take
write
leave taking [5teikiN]
writing [5raitiN]
leaving [5li:viN]
重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果词尾只有一个辅音字母,要将该辅音字母双写,再加-ing cut
stop
fit
begin
forget cutting [5kQtiN]
stopping [5stCpiN]
fitting [5fitiN]
beginning [bi5^iniN]forgetting [fE5^etiN]
以ie结尾的动词,要把ie改为y,再加-ing lie
die
tie lying [5laiiN]
dying [5daiiN]
tying [5taiiN]
一、规则动词的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成,具体变化有:
1直接在词尾加-ed如:want—wanted,work—worked,need—needed,clean—cleaned
2以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d如:like—liked,live—lived,use—used,move—moved
3以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-ed如:stop—stopped,trip—tripped
4以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed如:study—studied,carry—carried,hurry—hurried,marry—married
二、不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法:
1以t结尾的词,过去式与原形相同如:put—put,let—let,cut—cut,beat—beat
2以d结尾的词,把d变成t如:build—built,lend—lent,send—sent,spend—spent
3以n结尾的词,在词后加t如:mean—meant,burn—burnt,learn—learnt
4以ow / aw结尾的词,把ow / aw变成ew如:blow—blew,draw—drew,know—knew,grow—grew
5含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t如:keep—kept,sleep—slept,feel—felt,smell—smelt
6含有元音字母o / i的词,将o / i变成a如:sing—sang,give—gave,sit—sat,drink—drank
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