什么是关系代词关系代词的用法

什么是关系代词关系代词的用法,第1张

关系代词用来引导定语从句。那么你对关系代词了解多少呢关系代词是如何使用的呢以下是由我整理关于什么是关系代词的内容,希望大家喜欢!

关系代词的简介

关系代词代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的 句子 成分。关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分。

关系代词的用法

引导

定语从句

关系代词代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分,例如:

The girl whom I spoke to is my cousin 跟我讲话的女孩是我表妹。(该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的宾语。)

This is the pencil whose point is broken

这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。

(whose 指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语)

He came back for the book which he had forgotten他重新回来都忘记了他的那本书。

(which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)

先行词

which

例如:

He said he saw me there, which was a lie

他说在那儿看到了我,纯属谎言。

其他用法

关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略, 例如:

I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew

我过去懂拉丁语,2010年大都忘了。

He's changed He's not the man he was

他变化很大,已不是过去的他了。

注释:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略,that在从句中作表语时也可省略。

非限定性定语从句中,不能用that作关系代词。

关系代词的使用注意

1常用that 不用which的情况:

1)先行词为不定代词all,little,few,much, anything, everything, nothing, something等时。

I will do all (that) I can to help you

2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the very等所修饰或其本身就是序数词﹑形容词最高级时。

He was the only person that joined the army in his village that year

3)先行词既有人,又有物时

They talked about the people and the things (that)they remembered in the school

4)当主句是以who 或which开头的疑问句时, 定语从句用that 引导, 以避免重复。

Who is the boy that was here just now

2 若被修饰的名词充当从句介词宾语时

一、指人的关系代词,<br>主格—who,用在动词前,作主语,<br>属格—whose,用在名词前作定语<br>宾格—whom,用在主语、谓语动词的前面,作动词或介系词的宾语,<br>二、指物的关系代词,<br>主格—which,用在动词前,作主语,<br>属格—whose,用在名词前作定语,<br>宾格—which,用在主语、谓语动词的前面,作动词或介系词的宾语,<br>三、指人或物的关系代词,<br>主格—that,用在动词前,作主语,<br>属格—whose,用在名词前作定语,<br>宾格—that,用在主语、谓语动词的前面,作动词或介系词的宾语。

关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分。那么你知道吗下面跟着我学习一下吧。

一、

1、引导

定语从句关系代词代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分,例如:The girl whom I spoke to is my cousin 跟我讲话的女孩是我表妹。该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的宾语。This is the pencil whose point is broken这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。whose 指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语He came back for the book which he had forgotten他重新回来都忘记了他的那本书。which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略

2、先行词

which

例如:He said he saw me there, which was a lie他说在那儿看到了我,纯属谎言。

3、其他用法

关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略。

例如:I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew我过去懂拉丁语,2010年大都忘了。

He's changed He's not the man he was他变化很大,已不是过去的他了。

注释:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略,that在从句中作表语时也可省略。非限定性定语从句中,不能用that作关系代词。

二、语法注意

1常用that 不用which的情况:

1先行词为不定代词all,little,few,much, anything, everything, nothing, something等时。

I will do all that I can to help you

2先行词被序数词、形容词最高阶或the only, the very等所修饰或其本身就是序数词﹑形容词最高阶时。

He was the only person that joined the army in his village that year

3先行词既有人,又有物时

They talked about the people and the things thatthey remembered in the school

4当主句是以who 或which开头的疑问句时, 定语从句用that 引导, 以避免重复。

Who is the boy that was here just now

2 若被修饰的名词充当从句介词宾语时

介词可提前于引导词之前,此时的引导词只能用whom 或which  

关系代词的作用是用来引导定语从句。

关系代词指的是代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。关系代词有主格、宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分。关系代词用来引导定语从句。

关系代词有主格、宾格和属格(所有格)之分,并有指人与指物之分。that的用法最广,that 可指人也可指物。

but,as,than作关系代词引导定语从句。

but既可指人,也可指物,常在定语从句中充当主语。but本身含“否定”的意思,其作用相当于"that /which /whonot"。它前面的主句通常有"否定"的词(如:no,not, little,few,hardly等)。but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用,达到强烈肯定的修饰效果。例如: There is no mother but loves her own children.(=There is no mother that/who does not love her own children.)没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。

as既可指人,也可指物,常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语。as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as /such /the same等修饰词。

例如: ①He is as brave a man as ever lived.他是世界上最勇敢的人。 ②Don’t read such books as are not worth reading.不要读那些不值得读的书。

as作关系代词,还可用来引导非限制性定语从句,as引导的定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末。例如: ① Taiwan,as we all know,is an inseparable part of China. ②As we all know,Taiwan is an inseparable part of China. ③Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as we all know.

关系代词有who,whom,that,which,whose,关系副词有where(地点),when(时间),why(原因)

总体来说关系副词在定语从句中做状语

他们和关系代词主要的区别是where,when,why=介词 which

eg:This is the house in which (where) I lived last year

This is the reason for which (why) he was late for school

That's the day on which (when) I met him in the street

关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分,先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose);先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词(where地点状语,when时间状语,why原因状语)

区别是:关系副词在定语从句中做状语,关系代词在定语从句中做主语后者宾语。他们和关系代词主要的区别是where,when,why=介词+which。

1、关系代词(that, who, whom, whose, which)所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

例一、Is he the man who/that wants to see you(who / that在从句中作主语,指人)

例二、He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday(whom / that在从句中作宾语,指人)

例三、They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down(whose在句中作定语,指人)

例四、Please pass me the book whose  cover is green(whose在句中作定语,指物。)

2、关系副词(when, where, why,)可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词,在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where,why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。

例五、Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born

例六、Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer

例七、His father died the year (when / in which) he was born

例八、He can’t find the place (where / in which) he lived forty years ago

二丶判断用关系代词和关系副词

用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。缺少宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;不缺成分(作状语)用关系副词。

方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词。

例如:(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year

(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside

(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year

(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词;先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,应选择关系代词;先行词在从句中作状语时,应选择关系副词。

例如:(对)Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago

(对)Is this the museum where the exhibition was held

扩展资料

关系代词(that, who, whom, whose, which)所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

Is he the man who/that wants to see you(who / that在从句中作主语,指人)

关系副词(when, where, why,)可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词,在从句中作状语。

关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born。用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。缺少宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;不缺成分(作状语)用关系副词。

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