初中英语八大时态的构成，标志词

1 一般进行时 be doing now, at this time, days, etc look listen

2 一般现在时 do does always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day,year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, （星期后+s 表示每个星期几都要干某事）

3 一般过去式 did ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time

4 现在完成时 have has doneyet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years

5 过去进行时 be doing at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

6 一般将来时 will do tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow,

7 过去将时 the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…)

8 将来完成时 by the time of;by the end of+时间短语（将来）;by the time+从句（将来）

标准答案：

现在进行时标志，从结构上看，一定都是系动词am

is

are

加上动词的ing形式，从语义上，是强调此时此刻正在做的事情，从时间上，强调的是一个时间点，刻钟。

一般现在时：often,always这种表示频率的词现在进行时：now,或者句子开头：Look!XXXXXXXX这种也一定是现在进行时,翻译过来就是：看!谁谁谁正在干什么一目了然肯定是现在进行时

★一般现在时:

often, usually, always, sometimes, never, seldom, every week/day/year/month, once a week, on Sundays

★一般过去时：

ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/year/night/month, in 1989, just now, at the age of five, one day, ago, long ago, once upon a time, then(那时), on that day,

★现在进行时：

now, at this time, these days, Listen! Look! at this moment/time

★过去进行时：

at this time yesterday，at that time或"when + 一般过去时从句", at 1:00 last night

★现在完成时：

recently, recent years, these days/years, lately, since, for + 时段, in the past few years, ever since, in the last five months, up to now, since then, so far, ever, never, yet, lately, once, twice, three/four times, already, before, just

★过去完成时：

before, by the end of last year/term/month

★一般将来时：

tomorrow, next day/week/month/year, soon, in a few minutes, by, the day after tomorrow, in the future

★过去将来时：

the next day/morning/year,

the following month/week

1概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

2right now, while,now, these days at the moment等词语现在进行时一般可以从句中找到时间标志词，就必须用现在进行时态来表示。

3基本结构：am/is/are+doing

4否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing

5一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

6例句： How are you feeling today

He is doing well in his

les

sons

1、一般现在时

(1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态,常和副词usually,often,always sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week等连用例如：

1)The moon moves round the earth

2)Mr Smith travels to work by bus every day

(2)在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment以及if,unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替将来时例如：

1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him

2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow

(3)某些表示起始的动词,可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,这类动词有：be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave等例如：

1)The plane leaves at three sharp

2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow

(4)在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as等引导的从句中,也常用一般现在时代替将来时例如：

1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first

2)You’ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow

2一般过去时

(1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用例如：

We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film

(2)表示过去习惯性动作例如：

1)He always went to class last

2)I used to do my homework in the library

(注意与be used to doing短语的区别)

3一般将来时

1)表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态例如：

I shall graduate next year

2)几种替代形式：

1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用,表示准备做或将发生的事情例如：

I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money

2)be to +v表示计划安排要做的事,具有“必要”的强制性意义例如：

I am to play tennis this afternoon

3)be about to +v表示即将发生的事情例如：

He was about to start

4)be due to +v表示预先确定了的事,必定发生的事例如：

The train is due to depart in ten minutes

5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing强调即将发生的某种事态例如：

The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home

二、进行时态

1现在进行时

(1)表示现在正在进行的动作,常与now,right now,at the mother,for the time being,for the present等连用例如：

Don’t disturb her She is reading a newspaper now

(2)表示现阶段经常发生的动作,常与always,continually,forever,constantly等连用例如：

My father is forever criticizing me

(3)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词常用的有：go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等例如：

They are leaving for Hong Kong next month

(4)有些动词不能用进行时,这是一类表示“感觉,感情,存在,从属”等的动词如：see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,appear,(表示感觉的词)；hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive(表示感情的动词)；be,exist,remain,stay,obtain(表示存在状态的动词)；have,possess,own,contain,belong,consist of,form(表示占有与从属的动词)；understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember(表示思考理解的动词)但是如果它们词义改变,便也可用进行时态例如：

1)Tom looks pale What’s wrong with him

(look在此为联系动词,意为“显得,看上去”)

2)Tom is looking for his books

(look在此为实义动词,意为“寻找”)

2过去进行时

过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后,另一个过去的动作正在进行,或表示过去反复的习惯,常与always,continually,constantly等动词连用例如：

1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered

2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk

3将来进行时

将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等例如：

1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema

2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening

4完成进行时

(现在、过去、将来)完成进行时是(现在、过去、将来)完成时的强调形式,将放在完成时态部分讲述

三、完成时态

完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作它可分为：

1现在完成时

(1)现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的,刚刚完成的动作(常与yet,already,just连用),或者过去某一时刻发生的,持续到现在的情况(常与for,since连用)例如：

1)I have just finished my homework

2)Mary has been ill for three days

(2)常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since, for, during, over等引导出的短语；副词already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等；状语词组this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等例如：

1)I haven’t been there for five years

2)So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation

3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978

(3)完成时态可用在下列结构中：

This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定语从句；This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句；This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时；如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时例如：

(1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting

(2)There was a knock at the door It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening

2过去完成时

(1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况,这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成例如：

1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in

2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles

(2)动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时,表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现例如：

I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away

另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是：

1)was / were + to have done sth,例如：

We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t

2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,例如：

I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so

(3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型：

1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时例如：

Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move

2)no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时例如：

No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me

3)by (the end of ) +过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时例如：

The experiment had been finished by 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon

3将来完成时

将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作；也可以用来表示一种猜测常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有：by (the time / the end of ) +表示将来时间的短语和句子；before (the end of ) +表示将来时间的词语或句子；when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等例如：

1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai

2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 o’clock

3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left

4完成进行时

完成进行时是完成时的强调形式,有现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时

(1)现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻例如：

I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it

(2)过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻例如：

It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places

(3)将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻例如：

By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours

四：时态一致

时态一致是英语四、六级考试的一个重要内容通常应由主句谓语的时态决定从句的谓语时态一般原则是：

1、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时,从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任何时态

He says that he lives in Wuhan

We hope that there will be many people at your party today

“Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house” “Yes, but I don’t know who bought it”

“There’s a lot of excitement on the street”

“There certainly is Do you suppose the astronauts have returned”

2、当主句谓语使用过去时的时候,从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时态

He said he was writing a novel

The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment

He said his father had been an engineer

3、当从句是表示没有时间概念的真理时,从句的谓语应使用一般现在时例如：

The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder

注：在此种情况下,即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态,从句谓语也应用一般现在时

4、从句谓语只能用虚拟语气的情况

利用时态一致原则确定从句动词时态时,还应注意,若主语动词是表示命令、请求、要求、建议、劝告等的动词,从句谓语只能用虚拟语气,不能遵循时态一致原则例如：

We insisted that we do it ourselves

动词的语态

语态也是动词的一种形式,英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者

1)We use electricity to run machines (主动语态)

2)Electricity is used to run machines (被动语态)

1不能用于被动语态的动词和短语

(1)在英语中,不及物动词不能用于被动语态,但有些不及物动词(包括短语)容易引起误用如：appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of

(2)某些表示状态或特征的及物动词,如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态

2被动语态的时态形式

常用的被动语态有表1所列的几种时态形式

表1

时SPAN lang=EN-US> 一般时 进行时 完成时

现在 am asked am being asked

is asked is being asked

are asked are being asked

过去

was be asked was being asked

were be asked were being asked

将来 shall be asked shall have been asked

will be asked will have been asked

过去 should be asked should have been asked

将来 would be asked would have been asked

3短语动词的被动语态

短语动词转换为被动语态时,通常被看作是一个动词,后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略例如：

1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at

2)All the rubbish should be got rid of

4“get + -ed分词”的被动语态

“get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果,而非动作本身,常用来表示突发性的,出乎意料的偶然事件例如：

The boy got hurt on his way home from work

另外,“get + -ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事,是主动的行为而不是被动的行为例如：

get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(离婚)

get engaged(订婚) get confused(迷惑不解)

get lost(迷路) get washed(洗脸)

get married(结婚)

5能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态

(1)能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时,一次只能由一个宾语作主语,另一个宾语被保留下来例如：

1)We showed the visitors our new products(主动语态)

2)The visitors were shown our new products(被动语态)

3)Our new products were shown to the visitors(被动语态)

(2)能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时,原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语例如：

1)The teacher appointed him League secretary(主动语态)

2)He was appointed League secretary(被动语态)

6被动语态与系表结构的区别

(1)The novel was well written(系表结构)

(2)The novel was written by Diskens(被动语态)

7少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思

例1：The book is selling remarkably well

例2：The song sounds very beautiful

能这样用的动词还有read(读起来),clean(擦起来),wash(洗起来),write(写起来)

例3：My watch needs cleaning (= My watch needs to be cleaned)

能像need这样用的动词还有：want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等

例4：The meat is cooking

例5：The book written by the professor is printing

现在进行时表示动作发生的时间是“现在”，动作目前的状态是“正在进行中”。所谓“正在进行中”，是指在谈到这件事的时候，这个动作还在进行中。至于它是什么时候开始的，什么时候会停下来，不是我们关心的。所以“正在进行时”的事件，可能发生几年了，也可能只有几分钟。仍在进行中这是“正在进行时”的关键所在。它是一件持续进行的事情。

编辑本段现在进行时的构成现在进行时的构成是:主语+be+ving〔现在分词〕形式

第一人称单数I+am+ing

第一人称复数We+are+ing

第二人称单(复)数 You+are+ing

第三人称单数 He（She，it）+is+ing

第三人称复数 They+are+ing

肯定句:主语+be（is/am/are）+现在分词

否定句：主语+be（is/am/are）+not+现在分词

一般疑问句:be（is/am/are）+主语+现在分词

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+相应be动词+主语+现在分词+Sth

间接引语中改为过去进行时。

编辑本段变化规则1直接+ ing(例：sleep+ing sleeping)

2去掉不发音的e+ing(例：bite-e+ing biting)

3重读闭音节，以辅音字母加元音字母加辅音字母结尾的词，要双写尾字母再加ing（例：swim+m+ing=swimming)

4以ie结尾的重读闭音节，变ie为y+ing （例：die-dying lie-lying）

5结尾为c且c读作/k/时，在结尾加k再加ing,如picnic-picnicking

现在进行时的基本用法：

A表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。

例：We are waiting for you

B 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，说话时未必正在进行。

例：Mr Green is writing another novel

(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)

例：She is learning piano under Mr Smith

C已经确定或安排好的但不确定会不会发生的将来活动。

I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week（我下周要去尼泊尔旅行)

We're flying to Paris tomorrow(我们明天乘飞机去巴黎）

编辑本段句型构成现在进行时

助动词be 动词的现在分词（ing形式）。

be的变化

在现在时中，be 要根据人称代词和名词的单复数不同，而分别使用am/is/are，即：I am/he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用is,you/we/they 包括复数名词用are

现在进行时

注意：be 动词在现在时里算作“助动词”，翻译正在进行时的时候，be不能解释为“是”，否则不通顺。它只是和现在分词一起构成“进行时”。

动词加ing的规则

现在分词是在动词后加上ing 构成。如:starting,working, coming, sitting 等都是现在分词。现在分词的变化规则是固定的，大家用心记一下就可以了。

(1)直接在谓语动词后加ing 例如：going, starting, working,looking

(2)去掉词尾不发音的e，再加ing 例如 leaving,making,coming,writing

注意：如果单词结尾的e发音，则不能去掉，也直接加ing 例如：see -seeing/agree - agreeing

另外，有少数动词比较特殊，请用心记住：例如：lie - lying/die - dying/tie - tying/picnic - picnicking

(3) 对于重读闭音节词，双写末尾字母再加ing 例如：sitting, beginning,getting,puttingrunning

这一条规律，必须要弄清什么是“重读闭音节”。下面再举一些双写的例子：

run - running

stop - stopping

cut - cutting

control - controlling

put - putting

编辑本段时间状语可用来表示现在进行时的时间状语，常用的有：now, this week, at this moment，right now 等；或者告诉你一个准确的现在时间，或者用look, listen提醒听者注意正在发生的事。例如：

They are playing basketball now现在他们正在打篮球。

Listen! She is singing an English song听，她正在唱英语歌。

Look at the picture The children are flying kites in the park看这幅图。那些孩子正在公园放风筝。

We are making model planes these days这些天我们在做飞机模型。

It's 6:30 now I am getting up 现在是6：30我正在起床。

编辑本段句型分析1一般疑问句是将be移到主语前面，句末加问号，读升调。

be+主语+doing sth

Are they putting up the scaffolding Yes, they are / No, they aren't

Is he showing a foreign guest round the city Yes, he is / No, he isn't

2否定句式是在be动词后加not

主语+be+not+doing sth

I am not working

He isn't runnig or the track

The students aren't playing football

编辑本段使用场合1当句中出现的表示时间的词是now, at the moment (此刻、现在)等时，表示句子要说明的是现在正在发生的事，动词应用现在进行时。

Linda's brother is watching TV in his bedroom now

琳达的哥哥现在正在他的卧室里看电视。

We're far from home What are our parents doing at the moment

我们现在远离家，我们的父母此刻在干什么呢？

2当句中出现的时间状语是these days, this week, this month等时，如果句子所要表达的意义是在这一阶段正在发生的事，则动词应用现在进行时。

These days we are helping the farmers work on the farm 这些天我们在农场帮农民们干活。

They're having a test this week 这一周他们在进行一次考试。

Mr Cheng is visiting our village this month 这个月程先生在我们村访问。

3在句中出现了Look, Listen, Can't you see 等暗示词时，说明后面谓语动词的动作正在发生，该动词应用现在进行时。

Look! Maria and Tom are dancing under the tree

看！玛丽亚和汤姆正在树下跳舞。

Listen! Our English teacher is singing the popular English song

听！我们英语老师正在唱那首流行的英文歌曲。

Many children are swimming in the river Can't you see

许多小孩在河里游泳，你难道看不见吗？

4注意根据上下文的暗示，句子的谓语动词可能应用现在进行时。

— Where is Mr Wang　王先生在哪儿？

— Oh, he is reading a newspaper in the office 噢，他正在办公室看报。

（问句询问王先生在哪儿，应说明他现在在哪儿，故答句应说明他现在正在做的事，用现在进行时。）

—Is that boy Jack那个男孩是杰克吗？

— No,Jack is doing his homework in the classroom 不是，杰克正在教室做作业呢。

（答句中说明的杰克做作业的情况应发生在现在，应用现在进行时。）

编辑本段注意事项1在英语中，并不是所有的动词都要使用正在进行时。例如一些表示状态和感觉的动词，一般不用进行时态，而是用现在一般时表示。例如：

I hear someone singing 我正听见有人唱歌。

Do you see anyone over there 你看到那里有什么人吗？

What does he think of it 他觉得这怎么样？

如果这些词使用正在进行时态，句子带有某种感情色彩。例如：

Are you seeing someone off 你在给谁送行吗？

They are hearing an English talk 他们在听一个英语报告。

2现在进行时还有另外一种含义，即它们能表达即将发生的事情，相当于一般将来时。能够用来表示将来状况的动词有：arrive, come, do, get, go, have, leave, meet, play, return, see, spend, start, stay, wear, work等。

We are leaving on Friday。我们星期五出发。

Are you going anywhere tomorrow？你明天准备去哪儿？

A foreign guest is giving a lecture this afternoon。今天下午一个外国客人将给我们作报告。

Are you staying here till next week 你打算在这里呆到下个星期吗？

在表示将来的情况下，特别是be going to do sth 这种结构，已经没有多少“去”的意思了，几乎就是用来表达“将要、打算”做什么事情。例如：

It is going to be rather cold tomorrow。明天很可能非常冷。

She is not going to speak at the meeting。她不打算在那个会上发言。

3当其与always、forever、continually、constantly 等副词连用时表示重复的动作，而这种动作可能使人不满，厌倦或满意。例如：

①She is perpetually interfering in my affairs

她老是干预我的事。 （不满）

②The students are making progress constantly

学生们在不断进步。 （满意）

现在进行时的标志有很多，如：listen,look,now,these days,Be quiet!/Don't talk等等。

编辑本段特殊情况1有些动词从结构来看是现在进行时，但却是表示将要发生的事，而不表示动作现在正在进行。这些动词往往是一些表示位置移动变化的动词，如：go , come , leave , fly , move, start, begin , arrive, , stay, return等。

Next month my family is moving to Beijing

下个月，我家就要搬到北京去了。(搬的动作并非现在发生，而将在下个月发生。)

My aunt is leaving for Shanghai at eleven o'clock tomorrow morning

明天早上十一点我婶婶将离开去上海。

2并不是所有动词都有进行时，一些动词一般在句中不能用现在进行时态，而应用一般现在时。这些动词往往是等表示情感状态、知觉认识、愿望或短暂性的动词。例如：see（明白）,know, want, like, hear, have(有), think, hope, hate等。

3在时间、条件状语从句中，有时可用现在进行时代替一般将来时。

When you are passing my way，please drop in

你什么时候路过我家，请进来坐。

编辑本段被动语态现在进行时

现在进行时由主动语态变被动语态时应注意以下一些问题：

1也像其它时态由主动语态变被动语态一样，首先弄清楚用现在进行时的句子中哪些可以由主动语态变为被动语态。我们知道，在简单句的五个基本句型中，有三个基本句型(S V O，S V o O，S V O C)可以由主动语态变为被动语态；有两个基本句型(S V，S V P)不能由主动语态变为被动语态。所以，当这三个基本句型(S V O，S V InO DO，S V O OC)的谓语动词用了现在进行时时才有可能由主动语态变为被动语态。例如：

They are studying the milu deer at the research centre(S V O)→

The milu deer are being studied at the research centre

She is teaching the boy a lesson(S V InO DO)→

The boy is being taught a lesson

Now he is making the girl laugh(S V O OC)→

Now the girl is being made to laugh

还应注意到一些动词很少用于被动语态，因此这些动词在句子谓语用了现在进行时时也常没有被动语态。如：We are having supper now一般不能变为Supper is being had now。

2及物动词现在进行时由主动语态变被动语态时有三种句式：①主语(第一人称单数I) am being 过去分词 其他成分；②主语(第二人称单、复数you，第一人称复数we和第三人称复数they等) are being 过去分词 其他成分；③主语(第三人称单数 he，she，it等) is being 过去分词 其他成分。所以，当句子谓语动词用了现在进行时由主动语态变被动语态时谓语动词要由原来作宾语变为主语时的名(代)词的数来决定，从上面三种句式中选择合适的一种句式。例如：

They are collecting money for the broadband project→

Money is being collected for the broad-band project

They are not protecting some animals well enough→

Some animals are not being protected well enough

3当变为主语的原来的宾语(名/代词)有较长的动词不定式短语(复合结构)、介词短语、从句修饰或有补足语时，动词不定式短语、介词短语、从句和补足语等，一般都仍然保留在原来的位置上。例如：

They are revising the laws to protect the rights of women and children→

The laws are being revised to protect the rights of women and children

They are writing a report about the negative effects of cell phones in school→

A report is being written about the negative effects of cell phones in school

Scientists are keeping a sick milu deer alive at the centre→

A sick milu deer is being kept alive at the centre(by scientists)

4如果用在现在进行时的句子中的谓语动词是动词短语或习惯用语，那么这个动词短语或习语只把动词变为被动语态，其他部分保持不变。例如：

The parents are taking good care of their test-tube baby→

Their test-tube baby is being taken good care of(by the parents)

5当用了现在进行时的句子结构是"S V In O DO"句型时，既可以把间接宾语变为被动句的主语，也可以把直接宾语变为被动句的主语，但如果是后者，可根据动词的习惯用法，把间接宾语改写为to或for引起的介词短语。例如：

George is sending his friend's phone texts and pictures

His friend's phone is being sent texts and pictures(by George)

Texts and pictures are being sent to his friend's phone(by George)

She is making Toma new coat

Tom is being made a new coat

A new coat is being made for Tom

6用了现在进行时的句子由主动语态变为被动语态后，原来充当主语的名/代词(特别是人称代词)在一般情况下可以省略掉，如果有必要强调时可用by表示，常放在句子后面。例如：

They are adding new functions to the phones

New functions are being added to the phones(by them)

Scientists are studying the life of the milu deer at present

The life of the milu deer is being studied at present by scientists

7当用了现在进行时的句子由主动语态变为被动语态后，其否定式的构成主要把not放在谓语动词中第一个助动词(am ，are或is)后面构成，而疑问式的构成则是把句子谓语动词的第一个助动词(am，are或is)移到句子前(第一个字母要大写)，然后在句子后面加上问号而成。例如：

New nature parks are being started in China

New nature parks are not being started in China(否定式)

Milu deer are being sent to China from Britain

Are milu deer being sent to China from Britain(疑问式)

如果是特殊疑问句还要在这个助词前面加上适当疑问词。例如：

Why is money being collected

编辑本段与一般现在时区别一般现在时表示经常性动作，现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作。例如：

He studies hard 他（经常）努力学习。

He is studying hard 他（此刻或现阶段）正在努力学习。

一般现在时表示现在发生的动作，现在进行时表示眼前看得见的动作。例如：

Boats pass under the bridge 船从桥下穿过。

The boat is passing under the bridge

船正从桥下穿过。

编辑本段基本用法（1）表示（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。

（2）也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 （二）谓语构成：be (am/ is/ are)+v-ing （动词的现在分词）

I’m watching TV now

They’re playing football

（三）现在分词的构成。

（1）一般情况下在动词词尾加ing。

go→going ask →asking look→looking

（2）以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e加ing。

have →having take→taking make→making write→writing

（3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个字母，再加-ing。

get→getting sit→sitting put→putting run→running

swim→swimming begin→beginning shop→shopping

（四）现在进行时态的肯定式、否定式、疑问式及简略回答。

（1）肯定式：be+v-ing She is singing in the next room

（2）否定式：be+not+v-ing The students aren’t cleaning the room

（3）一般问句：be动词提前。

肯定答语Yes，主语+be，否定答语No，主语+be not。

Are you playing the computer game Yes, I am /No, I am not

（4）特殊问句：对谓语动词进行提问的：What+be +主语+doing+其他？

What is the old man doing under the tree

对其他成份进行提问的，疑问词+一般疑问句？

Where is the boy swimming

Who is she waiting for

三 现在进行时与一般现在时的区别

（一）现在进行时表示动作的暂时性，而一般现在时表示动作的习惯性和经常性

I am watching TV now （暂时性）

I watch TV every day （经常性）

（二）现在进行时可表示短暂性动作，而一般现在时表示长久性动作。

Lucy is living in Beijing（短时间居住）

Lucy lives in Beijing （长久性居住）

（三）现在进行时表示的动作可带有感情色彩，而一般现在时所表述的动作通常是事实。

You’re always forgetting the most important things （责备）

He is always helping others （赞扬）

He often helps others （事实）

（四）有些动词不能用进行时，know, understand, love, like, hate, wish, want, think, hope, have, believe, agree, hear, see, notice，等等。这些动词通常用一般现在时表示说话时发生的动作。

I have a lot of friends here

She wants to buy a new bike

编辑本段其他用法(1)当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：

They are playing basketball now现在他们正在打篮球。

(2)以look, listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：

Listen！She is singing an English song听，她正在唱英语歌。

(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有this week, these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。如：

We are making model planes these days这些天我们在做飞机模型。

(4)描述中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如：

Look at the picture The children are flying kites in the park看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。

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