speak,say,talk,tell的区别

一、词义广泛性不一样

1）speak

英 [spiːk]  美 [spik]

v 说话；演讲；表明；陈述

2）say

英 [seɪ]   美 [se]

1、v说， 讲；表明，宣称；假设；约莫

2、n发言权；说话；要说的话；发言权

3）talk

英 [tɔːk]  美 [tɔk]

1、vt 说；谈话；讨论

2、vi 谈话；说闲话

3、n 谈话；演讲；空谈

4）tell

英 [tel]

v 告诉，说；辨别；吩咐；断定

二、变形词不一样

1）speak

第三人称单数： speaks 现在分词： speaking 过去式： spoke 过去分词： spoken

2）say

第三人称单数： says 现在分词： saying 过去式： said 过去分词： said

3） talk

第三人称单数： talks 现在分词： talking 过去式： talked 过去分词： talked

4）tell

第三人称单数： tells 复数： tells 现在分词： telling 过去式： told 过去分词： told

三、词义辨析不一样

1）speak v 说（话），讲话

〔辨析〕用作不及物动词时，侧重指说话的动作而非内容，可指长篇演讲或三言两语的交谈，也可指简单的开口说话的能力；用作及物动词时，其宾语常为某种语言。

〔例证〕He spoke at the meeting

他在会议上发言了。

2）say v 说，讲

〔辨析〕最普通用词，指用语言表达思想，侧重于所说的具体内容，通常用作及物动词。

〔例证〕Did you finish what you wanted to say

你想说的话都说完了吗

2）talk v 说，说话，交谈

〔辨析〕普通用词，用作不及物动词时，侧重指与人交谈时的连续说话，可指单方面较长谈话，强调说话的动作而非内容

〔例证〕Human beings can talk while animals can't

人能讲话，而动物不能。

4）tell v 告诉

〔辨析〕普通用词，指直接给某人讲述或以间接的方式转述某事，有时含嘱托、命令之意，常后接双宾语或复合宾语。

〔例证〕You can tell them that I hope to be back by tomorrow night

你可以告诉他们，我希望明晚回来。

speak的用法：一般强调的是“说”、“讲”，一般都用于不及物动词，多数情况下不强调内容，只是单方面的描述说话的行为和或者运用某些语言时用到，又可指简单的发音, 但不一定有人在听所说出的话语。

如：“speak to somebody”（和某人说）、speak English（说英语）

say的用法：一般强调的是说话的内容，大多数用作及物动词。say后面可加名词，代词或that宾语从句。say的后面要加上自己想要描述的东西。

如：“I said that he was a teacher。”（我说他以前是个老师。）、“Did you say anything”（你有说了什么吗？）

say和speak的区别：say的过去式和过去分词是said，而speak的过去式和过去分词要加ed变成speaked；say有被动语态，而speak没有被动语态；speak 用来指人们对语言的掌握或者运用，也可单独用来表发言或者说话的能力，而say后门必须要接上说出的内容。

Irregular Verbs

Verb Past tense Past participle

am/is was been

are were been

babysit babysat babysat

bear bore born,borne

beat beat beaten,beat

become became become

begin began begun

break broke broken

bring brought brought

build built built

buy bought bought

can could

catch caught caught

come came come

cost cost cost

cut cut cut

do/does did done

draw drew drawn

drink drank drunk

drive drove driven

eat ate eaten

fall fell fallen

feed fed fed

feel felt felt

fight fought fought

find found found

fly flew flown

forget forgot forgotten,forgot

freeze froze frozen

get got gotten,got

give gave given

go went gone

grow grew grown

hang hung,hanged hung,hanged

have/has had had

hear heard heard

hold held held

hurt hurt hurt

keep kept kept

know knew known

lay laid laid

leave left left

lie lay,lied lain,lied

let let let

lose lost lost

make made made

may might

mean meant meant

meet met met

pay paid paid

put put put

read read read

ride rode ridden

ring rang rung

run ran run

say said said

see saw seen

sell sold sold

send sent sent

shall should

show showed shown,showed

sing sang sung

sit sat sat

sleep slept slept

speak spoke spoken

spell spelt,spelled spelled,spelt

spend spent spent

stand stood stood

sweep swept swept

swim swam swum

take took taken

teach taught taught

tell told told

think thought thought

wear wore worn

will would

win won won

write wrote written

按种类：

I、A----B----B式

1babysit-babysat-babysat 临时照顾

2 bring-----brought-----brought 带来

3 think-----thought----thought 思考

4 buy-------bought------bought 买

5 fight-------fought-----fought 打架，战斗

6 teach-----taught-------taught 教书

7 feel------felt------------felt 感觉

8 find------found---------found 发现

9 get-------got------------got 得到

10 hang-----hanged-------hanged 绞死

11 hang-----hung----------hung 悬挂

12 have/has-----had----------had 有

13 hear-----heard-------- heard 听见

14 hold-----held----------held 举行

15 keep-----kept----------kept 保存

16lay-------laid-----------laid 产蛋

17lie-------lied--------lied 撒谎

18 learn----learned-------learned 学会

learn-----learnt---------learnt 学会

19 leave----left------------left 离开

20 lose-----lost------------lost 丢失

21 make---made----------made 制造

22 mean---meant---------meant 意思

23 meet---met-------------met 遇见

24 pay-----paid------------paid 付款

25 say-----said------------said 说

26 sell-----sold------------sold 卖

27 tell------told-----------told 告诉

28 send----sent------------sent 派，寄

29show----showed----showed 出示，给…看

30 sit-------sat--------------sat 坐

31 sleep----slept-----------slept 入睡

32 sweep----swept----------swept 打扫

33 spend---spent-----------spent 花费

34 build-----built-----------built 修建

35 stand-----stood----------stood 站立

36 win---------won-----------won 胜、赢

37 spell--------spelt----------spelt 拼写

38 feed----------fed------------fed 喂

39 forget----------forgot--------forgot 忘记

II、A----B-----C式

1 am/is---------was------------been 是

2 are------------were------------been 是

3bear--------bore--------born/borne 出生

4 drive----------drove---------driven 驾驶

5 speak----------spoke--------spoken 说话

6break------------broke------------broken 打破

7 write----------wrote----------written 写

8 forget----------forgot--------forgotten 忘记

9get------------got------------gotten 得到

10 freeze-----------froze----------frozen 结冰

11choose----------chose------------chosen 选择

12ride-------------rode-----------ridden 骑

13 eat--------------ate------------- eaten 吃

14 give------------gave-----------given 给

15fall------------fell------------fallen 落下，跌倒

16take------------took------------taken 拿走

17lie------------lay------------lain 躺，位于

18 begin----------began----------begun 开始

19 drink-----------drank----------drunk 喝、饮

20 sing-----------sang------------sung 唱歌

21 swim----------swam----------swum 游泳

22ring------------rang------------rung 铃响

23show-------showed--------shown 出示，给…看

24 draw----------drew-----------drawn 画

25 grow---------grew-----------grown 种植

26fly------------flew------------flown 飞，放

27 know--------knew-----------known 知道

28 show--------showed-------shown 给…看

29 wear---------wore-----------worn 穿

30 do/does------------did-------------done 做

31 go-----------went------------gone 去

32see----------saw-------------seen 看见

III、A----B----A式

1 come--------came-----------come 来

2 become-----became--------become 变成

3 run----------ran--------------run 跑

IV、A----A-----A式

1 let-----------let--------------let 让

2 put----------put-------------put 放

3 read--------read------------read 读书

4 cut--------cut-----------cut 切，砍

5 beat--------beat------------beat 打败

6cost-------cost------------cost 花钱，价值

V、A-----A-----B式

1 beat---------beat-----------beaten 打败

VI、A-B式(只有过去式)

1 can----------could 能

2 may-------might 可以

3 shall--------should 将

4 will---------would 将

5 must---------must 必须

初中英语常用不规则动词分类表

（人教版）

为了帮助同学们记住不规则动词，现在把教材中出现的不规则动词分为几个类型，每个类型中又分若干组，尽量找出每组中各词变化形式的共同点，以帮助记忆。

1 A---A---A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形）

动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词

cost cost cost 花费

cut cut cut 割，切

hit hit hit 打

let let let 让

put put put 放下

read read read 读

hurt hurt hurt 伤

2 A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）

beat beat beaten 打

3 A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）

come came come 来

become became become 变

run ran run 跑

4 A ---B ---B型

（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。

burn burnt burnt 燃烧

learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习

mean meant meant 意思

hear heard heard 听见

（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。

build built built 建筑

lend lent lent 借给

lose lost lost 失去

send sent sent 送

spend spent spent 花费

（3）其他

pay paid paid 付

lay laid laid 下蛋

say said said 说

bring brought brought 带来

buy bought bought 买

think thought thought 想

sleep slept slept 睡

keep kept kept 保持

sweep swept swept 扫

stand stood stood 站

understand understood understood 明白

win won won 得胜

shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光

catch caught caught 抓住

teach taught taught 教

feel felt felt 觉得

fight fought fought 战斗

find found found 发现

get got got 得到

hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，挂

have had had 有

hold held held 盛，握

leave left left 离开

make made made 制造

meet met met 遇见

sell sold sold 卖

shoot shot shot 射击

tell told told 告诉

smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻

sit sat sat 坐

dig dug dug 挖

5 A---B---C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）

（1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。

eat ate eaten 吃

fall fell fallen 落下

steal stole stolen 偷

give gave given 给

freeze froze frozen 冻结

take took taken 拿

see saw seen 看见

write wrote written 写

ride rode ridden 骑

drive drove driven 驾驶

throw threw thrown 抛，扔

blow blew blown 吹

grow grew grown 生长

know knew known 知道

fly flew flown 飞

draw drew drawn 拉，绘画

show showed shown 展示

（2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。

speak spoke spoken 说话

break broke broken 破碎，折断

wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒

choose chose chosen 选择

forget forgot forgotten 忘记

（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。

begin began begun 开始

ring rang rung 按铃

sing sang sung 唱

sink sank sunk 沉

swim swam swum 游泳

drink drank drunk 饮

（4）其他不规则动词的变化。

be(am, is) was/ were been 是

be(are) were been 是

do did done 做

go went gone 去

lie lay lain 躺

wear wore worn 穿

够用的了

say 是动词“说”的意思，没有其对应的形容词。只有过去式said，过去分词said，以及现在分词saying。saying也可以用作名词，是“谚语”的意思。

如果楼主要表示“话多的，啰嗦的”可以用wordy，如果要表示“沉默的，话少的”，可以用wordless。这两个都是形容词，但词根是word，名词“话语” 的意思。

公益慈善翻译团真诚为您解答！

say 英[seɪ] 美[se]

vi 说， 讲; 表明，宣称; 假设; 约莫;

vt 表明; 念; 说明; 比方说;

n 发言权; 说话; 要说的话; 发言权;

[例句]If you've got something to say it's got to be lodged in their brains at the end

如果你有话要说，那就要让他们最终将这些话牢记于心。

[其他] 第三人称单数：says 现在分词：saying 过去式：said 过去分词：said

go,keep,leave,know,make,may,say,see,send的过去分词

go-gone

keep-kept

leave-left

know-known

make-made

may-貌似没有过分分词，过去式是might

say-said

see-seen

send-sent

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